Abstract
1. 4-Chlorophenoxyacetic acid (4-Cl) was applied as a spray or a dip treatment to attached snap-bean fruits 4 days before the usual harvest date. Effect on their subsequent development and on certain after-harvest changes in the fruits were studied. 2. One thousand parts per million of 4-Cl retarded maturation of attached fruits. Fresh weight of treated fruits was 11.2, 10.1, and 11.4% greater than that of untreated ones when harvested 1, 2, and 3 weeks after treatment, and the treated fruits contained 2.3, 8.7, and 14.0% more moisture, respectively, than did the untreated ones. Application of the acid brought about a decrease of 22% in final dry weight of seeds produced, but the dry weight of pods of treated fruits was 14% heavier than that of untreated fruits at maturity. 3. Spray applications of 4-Cl at concentrations ranging from 250 p.p.m. to 1000 p.p.m. to attached fruit reduced the final yield of fresh fruit-with the most concentrated spray, by 44%. A 50-p.p.m. spray did not significantly reduce yield under the conditions used. 4. Spray applications of 4-Cl at concentrations ranging from 50 p.p.m. to 1000 p.p.m. to attached fruits increased their water-retaining capacity when they were harvested and stored. The acid retarded the rate at which color changes occurred in harvested and stored fruits. 5. Application of 4-Cl (400-p.p.m. spray) in a wax emulsion to the attached fruits was more effective in retarding evaporation of moisture from the fruits following harvest than was an equal concentration of the acid in aqueous spray. During the first week of storage, fruits sprayed with the wax-growth-regulator mixture lost approximately 25% less moisture than did unsprayed ones. Further investigations are necessary before application of 4-Cl can be considered as a practical means of improving the storage quality of snap beans.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
One thousand ppm 4-Cl retarded maturation of attached snap-bean fruits.
- Taxon
- snap-beane0
- Organ / stage
- attached fruitse1
- Treatment
- One thousand parts per million of 4-Cle1
- Outcome
- maturation of attached fruitse1
- Direction
- retardede1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“4-Chlorophenoxyacetic acid (4-Cl) was applied as a spray or a dip treatment to attached snap-bean fruits”
e1“One thousand parts per million of 4-Cl retarded maturation of attached fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Fresh weight of treated snap-bean fruits was 11.2% greater than untreated fruit when harvested 1 week after treatment.
Verbatim
e0“4-Chlorophenoxyacetic acid (4-Cl) was applied as a spray or a dip treatment to attached snap-bean fruits”
e2“Fresh weight of treated fruits was 11.2, 10.1, and 11.4% greater than that of untreated ones when harvested 1, 2, and 3 weeks after treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Fresh weight of treated snap-bean fruits was 10.1% greater than untreated fruit when harvested 2 weeks after treatment.
Verbatim
e0“4-Chlorophenoxyacetic acid (4-Cl) was applied as a spray or a dip treatment to attached snap-bean fruits”
e2“Fresh weight of treated fruits was 11.2, 10.1, and 11.4% greater than that of untreated ones when harvested 1, 2, and 3 weeks after treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Fresh weight of treated snap-bean fruits was 11.4% greater than untreated fruit when harvested 3 weeks after treatment.
Verbatim
e0“4-Chlorophenoxyacetic acid (4-Cl) was applied as a spray or a dip treatment to attached snap-bean fruits”
e2“Fresh weight of treated fruits was 11.2, 10.1, and 11.4% greater than that of untreated ones when harvested 1, 2, and 3 weeks after treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated snap-bean fruits contained 2.3% more moisture than untreated fruit when harvested 1 week after treatment.
Verbatim
e0“4-Chlorophenoxyacetic acid (4-Cl) was applied as a spray or a dip treatment to attached snap-bean fruits”
e2“Fresh weight of treated fruits was 11.2, 10.1, and 11.4% greater than that of untreated ones when harvested 1, 2, and 3 weeks after treatment”
e3“the treated fruits contained 2.3, 8.7, and 14.0% more moisture, respectively, than did the untreated ones”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated snap-bean fruits contained 8.7% more moisture than untreated fruit when harvested 2 weeks after treatment.
Verbatim
e0“4-Chlorophenoxyacetic acid (4-Cl) was applied as a spray or a dip treatment to attached snap-bean fruits”
e2“Fresh weight of treated fruits was 11.2, 10.1, and 11.4% greater than that of untreated ones when harvested 1, 2, and 3 weeks after treatment”
e3“the treated fruits contained 2.3, 8.7, and 14.0% more moisture, respectively, than did the untreated ones”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated snap-bean fruits contained 14.0% more moisture than untreated fruit when harvested 3 weeks after treatment.
Verbatim
e0“4-Chlorophenoxyacetic acid (4-Cl) was applied as a spray or a dip treatment to attached snap-bean fruits”
e2“Fresh weight of treated fruits was 11.2, 10.1, and 11.4% greater than that of untreated ones when harvested 1, 2, and 3 weeks after treatment”
e3“the treated fruits contained 2.3, 8.7, and 14.0% more moisture, respectively, than did the untreated ones”
Claim · model-written summary
The acid decreased final dry weight of seeds produced by 22%.
- Taxon
- snap-beane0
- Treatment
- Application of the acide4
- Outcome
- final dry weight of seeds producede4
- Direction
- decreasee4
- Value
- 22%e4
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“4-Chlorophenoxyacetic acid (4-Cl) was applied as a spray or a dip treatment to attached snap-bean fruits”
e4“Application of the acid brought about a decrease of 22% in final dry weight of seeds produced”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated snap-bean pods were 14% heavier in dry weight than untreated pods at maturity.
Verbatim
e0“4-Chlorophenoxyacetic acid (4-Cl) was applied as a spray or a dip treatment to attached snap-bean fruits”
e5“but the dry weight of pods of treated fruits was 14% heavier than that of untreated fruits at maturity”
Claim · model-written summary
Sprays of 4-Cl at 250 to 1000 p.p.m. reduced the final yield of fresh snap-bean fruit.
- Taxon
- snap-beane0
- Treatment
- Spray applications of 4-Cl at concentrations ranging from 250 p.p.m. to 1000 p.p.m.e6
- Outcome
- final yield of fresh fruite6
- Direction
- reducede6
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“4-Chlorophenoxyacetic acid (4-Cl) was applied as a spray or a dip treatment to attached snap-bean fruits”
e6“Spray applications of 4-Cl at concentrations ranging from 250 p.p.m. to 1000 p.p.m. to attached fruit reduced the final yield of fresh fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
The most concentrated spray (1000 p.p.m. 4-Cl) reduced the final yield of fresh snap-bean fruit by 44%.
- Taxon
- snap-beane0
- Treatment
- the most concentrated spraye7
- Outcome
- final yield of fresh fruite7
- Direction
- reducede7
- Value
- 44%e7
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“4-Chlorophenoxyacetic acid (4-Cl) was applied as a spray or a dip treatment to attached snap-bean fruits”
e7“reduced the final yield of fresh fruit-with the most concentrated spray, by 44%”
Claim · model-written summary
A 50 p.p.m. spray did not significantly reduce snap-bean yield under the conditions used.
- Taxon
- snap-beane0
- Treatment
- A 50-p.p.m. spraye1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- did not significantly reducee1
- Qualifier
- under the conditions usede1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“4-Chlorophenoxyacetic acid (4-Cl) was applied as a spray or a dip treatment to attached snap-bean fruits”
e1“A 50-p.p.m. spray did not significantly reduce yield under the conditions used”
Claim · model-written summary
Sprays of 4-Cl at 50 to 1000 p.p.m. increased the water-retaining capacity of snap-bean fruit when harvested and stored.
- Taxon
- snap-beane0
- Treatment
- Spray applications of 4-Cl at concentrations ranging from 50 p.p.m. to 1000 p.p.m.e1
- Outcome
- water-retaining capacitye1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- when they were harvested and storede1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“4-Chlorophenoxyacetic acid (4-Cl) was applied as a spray or a dip treatment to attached snap-bean fruits”
e1“Spray applications of 4-Cl at concentrations ranging from 50 p.p.m. to 1000 p.p.m. to attached fruits increased their water-retaining capacity when they were harvested and stored”
Claim · model-written summary
The acid retarded the rate of colour change in harvested and stored snap-bean fruit.
- Taxon
- snap-beane0
- Organ / stage
- harvested and stored fruitse1
- Treatment
- The acide1
- Outcome
- the rate at which color changes occurrede1
- Direction
- retardede1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“4-Chlorophenoxyacetic acid (4-Cl) was applied as a spray or a dip treatment to attached snap-bean fruits”
e1“The acid retarded the rate at which color changes occurred in harvested and stored fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying 4-Cl in a wax emulsion was more effective than an equal concentration in aqueous spray in retarding moisture evaporation from harvested snap-bean fruit.
Verbatim
e0“4-Chlorophenoxyacetic acid (4-Cl) was applied as a spray or a dip treatment to attached snap-bean fruits”
e1“Application of 4-Cl (400-p.p.m. spray) in a wax emulsion to the attached fruits was more effective in retarding evaporation of moisture from the fruits following harvest than was an equal concentration of the acid in aqueous spray”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit sprayed with the wax-growth-regulator mixture lost about 25% less moisture than unsprayed fruit during the first week of storage.
Verbatim
e0“4-Chlorophenoxyacetic acid (4-Cl) was applied as a spray or a dip treatment to attached snap-bean fruits”
e1“During the first week of storage, fruits sprayed with the wax-growth-regulator mixture lost approximately 25% less moisture than did unsprayed ones”