Abstract
Conservation tillage and nitrogen may improve soil fertility, yield and income on sustainable basis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of three tillage systems viz. zero (ZT), reduced (RT), and conventional tillage (CT) and five N rates (0, 80, 120, 160, and 200 kg·N·ha-1) on yield and yield components, soil organic matter (SOM), total soil N (TSN), and income of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown after rice (Oryza sativa L.). Nitrogen rates significantly affected yield and yield attributing characters with highest values recorded at200 kg·N·ha-1. Mean maximum grain yield (6390 -6845 kg·ha-1), net benefit (1359 - 1460 US$ ha-1), and benefit cost ratio (5.6 - 5.7) could be achieved at 160 to200 kg·N·ha-1. The tillage systems produced similar yield and yield components except spikes m-2. The SOM and TSN were highest in ZT compared to other tillage systems. Though tillage × N interactions were not significant for most of the parameters under study, the overall effect of ZT with200 kg·N·ha-1 appeared to be most favorable compared to RT and CT. Zero tillage resulted in highest number of spikes m-2 (304.4), SOM (9.6 g·kg-1) and TSN (0.5 g·kg-1) with200 kg·N·ha-1. The results suggest that ZT with200 kg·N·ha-1 was optimum and sustainable strategy to achieve higher yield and income and also to improve SOM and TSN on silty clay soil.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen rate significantly affected wheat yield and yield components, highest at 200 kg N per hectare.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- 200 kg·N·ha-1e0
- Outcome
- yield and yield attributing characterse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen rates significantly affected yield and yield attributing characters with highest values recorded at200 kg·N·ha-1”
t0“on yield and yield components, soil organic matter (SOM), total soil N (TSN), and income of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum mean wheat grain yield was 6390 to 6845 kg per hectare at 160 to 200 kg N.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 160 to200 kg·N·ha-1e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 6390 -6845 kg·ha-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mean maximum grain yield (6390 -6845 kg·ha-1), net benefit (1359 - 1460 US$ ha-1), and benefit cost ratio (5.6 - 5.7) could be achieved at 160 to200 kg·N·ha-1”
t0“on yield and yield components, soil organic matter (SOM), total soil N (TSN), and income of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum net benefit was 1359 to 1460 US dollars per hectare at 160 to 200 kg N.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 160 to200 kg·N·ha-1e0
- Outcome
- net benefite0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 1359 - 1460 US$ ha-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mean maximum grain yield (6390 -6845 kg·ha-1), net benefit (1359 - 1460 US$ ha-1), and benefit cost ratio (5.6 - 5.7) could be achieved at 160 to200 kg·N·ha-1”
t0“on yield and yield components, soil organic matter (SOM), total soil N (TSN), and income of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Benefit cost ratio reached 5.6 to 5.7 at 160 to 200 kg N.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 160 to200 kg·N·ha-1e0
- Outcome
- benefit cost ratioe0
- Value
- 5.6 - 5.7e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“benefit cost ratio (5.6 - 5.7) could be achieved at 160 to200 kg·N·ha-1”
t0“on yield and yield components, soil organic matter (SOM), total soil N (TSN), and income of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage systems produced similar wheat yields and components except spike density.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- tillage systemse0
- Outcome
- yield and yield componentse0
- Direction
- similare0
- Qualifier
- except spikes m-2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The tillage systems produced similar yield and yield components except spikes m-2”
t0“on yield and yield components, soil organic matter (SOM), total soil N (TSN), and income of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil organic matter was highest under zero tillage.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- ZTe0
- Outcome
- SOMe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- other tillage systemse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The SOM and TSN were highest in ZT compared to other tillage systems”
t0“on yield and yield components, soil organic matter (SOM), total soil N (TSN), and income of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Total soil nitrogen was highest under zero tillage.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- ZTe0
- Outcome
- TSNe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- other tillage systemse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The SOM and TSN were highest in ZT compared to other tillage systems”
t0“on yield and yield components, soil organic matter (SOM), total soil N (TSN), and income of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Most tillage by nitrogen interactions were not significant.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- tillage × N interactionse0
- Direction
- not significante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tillage × N interactions were not significant for most of the parameters under study”
t0“on yield and yield components, soil organic matter (SOM), total soil N (TSN), and income of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Zero tillage with 200 kg N had the highest spike density of 304.4 per square metre.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Zero tillagee0
- Outcome
- number of spikes m-2e0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 304.4e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zero tillage resulted in highest number of spikes m-2 (304.4), SOM (9.6 g·kg-1) and TSN (0.5 g·kg-1) with200 kg·N·ha-1”
t0“on yield and yield components, soil organic matter (SOM), total soil N (TSN), and income of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Zero tillage with 200 kg N had soil organic matter of 9.6 g per kg.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zero tillage resulted in highest number of spikes m-2 (304.4), SOM (9.6 g·kg-1) and TSN (0.5 g·kg-1) with200 kg·N·ha-1”
t0“on yield and yield components, soil organic matter (SOM), total soil N (TSN), and income of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Zero tillage with 200 kg N had total soil nitrogen of 0.5 g per kg.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zero tillage resulted in highest number of spikes m-2 (304.4), SOM (9.6 g·kg-1) and TSN (0.5 g·kg-1) with200 kg·N·ha-1”
t0“on yield and yield components, soil organic matter (SOM), total soil N (TSN), and income of wheat”
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