Abstract
The objective of this investigation was to determine plant age and environmental factors influencing panicle emergence and production in reed canarygrass ( Phalarls arundinacea L.). Seedlings of ‘Rise’ and ‘Vantage’ grown in the glasshouse at 27/19 C (day/night, warm) temperatures and a 16‐hour photoperiod for seven periods ranging from 1 to 13 weeks of growth after emergence, were exposed to cold treatments at 6 ± 1 C in a growth chamber for an 8‐ or 16‐hour photoperiod. About 75% of 4‐week or older seedlings were vernalized effectively with 12 to 15 weeks of cold treatment, and flowered 3 weeks after being returned to warm, 16‐hour days. Twenty‐two percent of the seedlings that received cold treatment starting 3 weeks after emergence produced panicles, but 1‐ and 2‐week‐old seedlings did not. Four‐week old seed. lings required at least 9 weeks of cold treatment before some panicles were produced. Panicle production per plant after 12 weeks of cold treatment was greater for 13‐ than for 4‐week‐old seedlings. Percentage of plants with emerged panicles and panicle production were greater with the 8‐ than with the 16‐ hour photoperiod during cold treatment. When 60% of the herbage was ronoved immediately before onset of the cold treatments, percentage of plants with panicles, duration of panicle emergence, and panicles produced per plant were reduced as compared to those left uncut. Eighty.eight percent of the panicles produced in Vantage arose from tillers that emerged from the soil during cold treatment. The 12‐week cold treatment in a controlled environment was also effective in causing panicle formation on 22 diverse reed canarygrass clones. The procedure will enable plant breeders to reduce intergeneration time and to make crosses in reed canarygrass within 5 months after seeding or vegetative propagation of parent material.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
About 75% of seedlings at least four weeks old flowered after 12–15 weeks of cold treatment.
- Taxon
- seedlingse0
- Treatment
- 12 to 15 weeks of cold treatmente0
- Outcome
- flowerede0
- Value
- 75%e0
- Qualifier
- 4‐week or older seedlingse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“About 75% of 4‐week or older seedlings were vernalized effectively with 12 to 15 weeks of cold treatment, and flowered 3 weeks after being returned to warm, 16‐hour days.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold treatment beginning at three weeks produced panicles in 22% of seedlings.
Verbatim
e0“Twenty‐two percent of the seedlings that received cold treatment starting 3 weeks after emergence produced panicles”
Claim · model-written summary
One- and two-week-old seedlings did not produce panicles after cold treatment.
Verbatim
e0“1‐ and 2‐week‐old seedlings did not.”
Claim · model-written summary
Four-week-old seedlings needed at least nine cold weeks for some panicles.
- Taxon
- lings
Molva molvae0 - Treatment
- at least 9 weeks of cold treatmente0
- Outcome
- some panicles were producede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Four‐week old seed. lings required at least 9 weeks of cold treatment before some panicles were produced.”
Claim · model-written summary
Thirteen-week-old seedlings produced more panicles than four-week-old seedlings after 12 cold weeks.
Verbatim
e0“Panicle production per plant after 12 weeks of cold treatment was greater for 13‐ than for 4‐week‐old seedlings.”
Claim · model-written summary
An eight-hour cold-treatment photoperiod increased panicle emergence and panicle number relative to 16 hours.
Verbatim
e0“Percentage of plants with emerged panicles and panicle production were greater with the 8‐ than with the 16‐ hour photoperiod during cold treatment.”
t0“Reed Canarygrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Removing 60% of herbage reduced panicle incidence, emergence duration and number relative to uncut plants.
Verbatim
e0“When 60% of the herbage was ronoved immediately before onset of the cold treatments, percentage of plants with panicles, duration of panicle emergence, and panicles produced per plant were reduced as compared to those left uncut.”
t0“Reed Canarygrass”
Claim · model-written summary
In Vantage, 88% of panicles came from tillers emerging during cold treatment.
Verbatim
e0“Eighty.eight percent of the panicles produced in Vantage arose from tillers that emerged from the soil during cold treatment.”
t0“Reed Canarygrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Twelve-week cold treatment caused panicle formation in 22 diverse clones.
- Taxon
- reed canarygrasse0
- Treatment
- 12‐week cold treatmente0
- Outcome
- panicle formatione0
- Value
- 22 diverse reed canarygrass clonese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“The 12‐week cold treatment in a controlled environment was also effective in causing panicle formation on 22 diverse reed canarygrass clones.”
Claim · model-written summary
The procedure can shorten breeding generations and permit crosses within five months.
Verbatim
e0“The procedure will enable plant breeders to reduce intergeneration time and to make crosses in reed canarygrass within 5 months after seeding or vegetative propagation of parent material.”