Paper · 1989 · Canadian Journal of Plant Science

THE EFFECT OF MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER IRRIGATION AND RATE OF N FERTILIZATION ON PETIOLE COMPOSITION, YIELD AND QUALITY OF OKANAGAN RIESLING GRAPES

G. H. NEILSEN; D. S. STEVENSON; J. J. FITZPATRICK

12
claims
25
verbatim quotes
34
citations
2
research areas
✓
Open access

Abstract

Okanagan Riesling (Vitis sp.) vines, planted on a sandy soil in 1983, were trickle irrigated with municipal wastewater or well water and with each source of water there were 3 rates of N fertilization (0, 17 and 34 g N as NH 4 NO 3 vine −1 y −1 ), 1984–1987. The zero-N treatment was increased to 8.5 g N vine −1 in 1986–1987. Wastewater-irrigated vines had increased petiole P, K and Ca but decreased Mg and in 2 of 3 yr decreased N in August. Increased rate of N fertilization increased petiole N at bloomtime but not in August, had minor effects on petiole P, K, Ca and Mg, and increased petiole Mn at highest N rates, especially (2 of 4 yr) in association with wastewater irrigation. Yield increased both for vines irrigated with wastewater and linearly with rate of applied N in 2 of the 3 fruiting years. Increased yield was not associated with increased petiole N concentration in August. Minor increases in soluble solids and juice pH of grapes at harvest were measured for wastewater-irrigated grapes in 2 yr. No horticultural limitations to the use of this wastewater to irrigate Okanagan Riesling grapes were observed over the 4-yr period.

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Claims 12

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Municipal wastewater irrigation increased petiole P, K and Ca in Okanagan Riesling vines compared with well water.

Taxon
Vitis sp.Vitise1
Material
Okanagan Rieslinge1
Organ / stage
petiolee2
Treatment
municipal wastewatere1
Outcome
petiole P, K and Cae2
Direction
increasede2
Comparator
well watere1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vitis
Vitis · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Victor M. Vicente Selvas · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“Okanagan Riesling (Vitis sp.) vines, planted on a sandy soil in 1983, were trickle irrigated with municipal wastewater or well water”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–132 · show in text ↑
e2

“Wastewater-irrigated vines had increased petiole P, K and Ca but decreased Mg and in 2 of 3 yr decreased N in August”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 327–443 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Municipal wastewater irrigation decreased petiole Mg in Okanagan Riesling vines compared with well water.

Taxon
Vitis sp.Vitise1
Material
Okanagan Rieslinge1
Organ / stage
petiolee2
Treatment
municipal wastewatere1
Outcome
Mge2
Direction
decreasede2
Comparator
well watere1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vitis
Vitis · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Victor M. Vicente Selvas · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“Okanagan Riesling (Vitis sp.) vines, planted on a sandy soil in 1983, were trickle irrigated with municipal wastewater or well water”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–132 · show in text ↑
e2

“Wastewater-irrigated vines had increased petiole P, K and Ca but decreased Mg and in 2 of 3 yr decreased N in August”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 327–443 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Municipal wastewater irrigation decreased petiole N in August in 2 of 3 years compared with well water.

Taxon
Vitis sp.Vitise1
Material
Okanagan Rieslinge1
Organ / stage
petiolee2
Treatment
municipal wastewatere1
Outcome
N in Auguste2
Direction
decreasede2
Qualifier
in 2 of 3 yre2
Comparator
well watere1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vitis
Vitis · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Victor M. Vicente Selvas · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“Okanagan Riesling (Vitis sp.) vines, planted on a sandy soil in 1983, were trickle irrigated with municipal wastewater or well water”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–132 · show in text ↑
e2

“Wastewater-irrigated vines had increased petiole P, K and Ca but decreased Mg and in 2 of 3 yr decreased N in August”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 327–443 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Increasing N fertilization rate increased petiole N at bloomtime compared with the zero-N treatment.

Taxon
Vitis sp.Vitise1
Treatment
rate of N fertilizatione3
Outcome
petiole Ne3
Direction
increasede3
Qualifier
at bloomtimee3
Comparator
zero-N treatmente4

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vitis
Vitis · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Victor M. Vicente Selvas · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“Okanagan Riesling (Vitis sp.) vines, planted on a sandy soil in 1983, were trickle irrigated with municipal wastewater or well water”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–132 · show in text ↑
e3

“Increased rate of N fertilization increased petiole N at bloomtime but not in August, had minor effects on petiole P, K, Ca and Mg, and increased petiole Mn at highest N rates, especially (2 of 4 yr) in association with wastewater irrigation”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 445–686 · show in text ↑
e4

“The zero-N treatment was increased to 8.5 g N vine −1 in 1986–1987”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 259–325 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Increasing N fertilization rate did not change petiole N in August.

Taxon
Vitis sp.Vitise1
Treatment
rate of N fertilizatione3
Outcome
petiole Ne3
Direction
no_changeinferrede3
Qualifier
not in Auguste3
Comparator
zero-N treatmente4

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vitis
Vitis · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Victor M. Vicente Selvas · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“Okanagan Riesling (Vitis sp.) vines, planted on a sandy soil in 1983, were trickle irrigated with municipal wastewater or well water”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–132 · show in text ↑
e3

“Increased rate of N fertilization increased petiole N at bloomtime but not in August, had minor effects on petiole P, K, Ca and Mg, and increased petiole Mn at highest N rates, especially (2 of 4 yr) in association with wastewater irrigation”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 445–686 · show in text ↑
e4

“The zero-N treatment was increased to 8.5 g N vine −1 in 1986–1987”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 259–325 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Increasing N fertilization rate had minor effects on petiole P, K, Ca and Mg.

Taxon
Vitis sp.Vitise1
Organ / stage
petiolee3
Treatment
rate of N fertilizatione3
Outcome
petiole P, K, Ca and Mge3
Direction
no_changeinferrede3
Qualifier
minor effectse3

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vitis
Vitis · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Victor M. Vicente Selvas · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“Okanagan Riesling (Vitis sp.) vines, planted on a sandy soil in 1983, were trickle irrigated with municipal wastewater or well water”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–132 · show in text ↑
e3

“Increased rate of N fertilization increased petiole N at bloomtime but not in August, had minor effects on petiole P, K, Ca and Mg, and increased petiole Mn at highest N rates, especially (2 of 4 yr) in association with wastewater irrigation”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 445–686 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Highest N rates increased petiole Mn, especially in 2 of 4 years and in association with wastewater irrigation.

Taxon
Vitis sp.Vitise1
Treatment
highest N ratese3
Outcome
petiole Mne3
Direction
increasede3
Qualifier
especially (2 of 4 yr) in association with wastewater irrigatione3

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vitis
Vitis · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Victor M. Vicente Selvas · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“Okanagan Riesling (Vitis sp.) vines, planted on a sandy soil in 1983, were trickle irrigated with municipal wastewater or well water”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–132 · show in text ↑
e3

“Increased rate of N fertilization increased petiole N at bloomtime but not in August, had minor effects on petiole P, K, Ca and Mg, and increased petiole Mn at highest N rates, especially (2 of 4 yr) in association with wastewater irrigation”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 445–686 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Wastewater irrigation increased grape yield of Okanagan Riesling compared with well water.

Taxon
Vitis sp.Vitise1
Treatment
irrigated with wastewatere5
Outcome
Yielde5
Direction
increasede5
Comparator
well watere1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vitis
Vitis · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Victor M. Vicente Selvas · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“Okanagan Riesling (Vitis sp.) vines, planted on a sandy soil in 1983, were trickle irrigated with municipal wastewater or well water”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–132 · show in text ↑
e5

“Yield increased both for vines irrigated with wastewater and linearly with rate of applied N in 2 of the 3 fruiting years”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 688–809 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Yield increased linearly with applied N rate in 2 of the 3 fruiting years.

Taxon
Vitis sp.Vitise1
Treatment
rate of applied Ne5
Outcome
Yielde5
Direction
increasede5
Qualifier
in 2 of the 3 fruiting yearse5

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vitis
Vitis · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Victor M. Vicente Selvas · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“Okanagan Riesling (Vitis sp.) vines, planted on a sandy soil in 1983, were trickle irrigated with municipal wastewater or well water”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–132 · show in text ↑
e5

“Yield increased both for vines irrigated with wastewater and linearly with rate of applied N in 2 of the 3 fruiting years”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 688–809 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Yield was not associated with petiole N concentration in August.

Taxon
Vitis sp.Vitise1
Organ / stage
petiolee6
Outcome
petiole N concentration in Auguste6
Direction
no_changeinferrede6

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vitis
Vitis · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Victor M. Vicente Selvas · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“Okanagan Riesling (Vitis sp.) vines, planted on a sandy soil in 1983, were trickle irrigated with municipal wastewater or well water”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–132 · show in text ↑
e6

“Increased yield was not associated with increased petiole N concentration in August”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 811–894 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Wastewater-irrigated grapes at harvest had minor increases in soluble solids and juice pH compared with well water, in 2 years.

Taxon
Vitis sp.Vitise1
Organ / stage
grapes at harveste7
Treatment
wastewater-irrigatede7
Outcome
soluble solids and juice pHe7
Direction
increasese7
Qualifier
in 2 yre7
Comparator
well watere1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vitis
Vitis · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Victor M. Vicente Selvas · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“Okanagan Riesling (Vitis sp.) vines, planted on a sandy soil in 1983, were trickle irrigated with municipal wastewater or well water”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–132 · show in text ↑
e7

“Minor increases in soluble solids and juice pH of grapes at harvest were measured for wastewater-irrigated grapes in 2 yr”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 896–1017 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

No horticultural limitations to irrigating Okanagan Riesling grapes with this wastewater were observed over 4 years.

Taxon
Okanagan Rieslinge1
Outcome
horticultural limitations to the use of this wastewater to irrigatee1
Qualifier
over the 4-yr periode1

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e1

“No horticultural limitations to the use of this wastewater to irrigate Okanagan Riesling grapes were observed over the 4-yr period”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1019–1149 · show in text ↑

irrigation · yield · VitisResults differ

83 papers: 52 positive, 31 negative or no effect

51 papers in the same direction as this paper · 28 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
  2. no effect
  3. negative

79 papers more in this group

See all 83 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.