Abstract
SUMMARY In a glasshouse study, the pattern of flower and pod production at the various flowering nodes of Phaseolus vulgaris (cv. 344) was mapped out. Soft X-radiation techniques were also used to study the development of retained and abscissed pods at the various nodes while varying levels of flower or pod removal were used to study the modification to pod development at each flowering node following organ removal. The period of flower opening over the whole plant spanned an average of 12 days and 90% of the pods retained to maturity were formed from flowers opened within 4 days of anthesis. The terminal inflorescence produced most of the flowers on the plant (25%), but nodes 2 and 3 developed the bulk (50%) of the pods retained. Only 30% of the open flowers on the plant formed pods that were retained to maturity. Pod elongation was initially very rapid in the pods to be retained, following successful fertilization, with the latter period of pod growth devoted almost entirely to seedfilling. A slow growth rate characterizes the development of abscission in Phaseolus pods and the number of seeds per pod is determined later in pod growth. Flower or pod removal prolonged flowering and led to longer leaf retention and more branches on the main stem. The number of mature pods was lower on the treated plants and the more severe the removal the larger were these treatment effects. Plants compensated for fewer pods by having more seeds per pod but these were not enough to prevent significant depression of seed dry weight per plant by the most severe removals. Flower or pod removal led to a shift of emphasis in pod production by the plant from nodes 2 and 3 to other areas of the plant where natural wastage of flower and young pods is high.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Only 30% of open flowers formed pods retained to maturity
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris
Phaseolus vulgarise1 - Outcome
- formed pods that were retained to maturitye2
- Value
- 30%e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In a glasshouse study, the pattern of flower and pod production at the various flowering nodes of Phaseolus vulgaris (cv. 344) was mapped out”
e2“Only 30% of the open flowers on the plant formed pods that were retained to maturity”
Claim · model-written summary
The terminal inflorescence produced 25% of the flowers on the plant
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Organ / stage
- terminal inflorescencee3
- Outcome
- produced most of the flowerse3
- Value
- 25%e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In a glasshouse study, the pattern of flower and pod production at the various flowering nodes of Phaseolus vulgaris (cv. 344) was mapped out”
e3“The terminal inflorescence produced most of the flowers on the plant (25%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nodes 2 and 3 developed 50% of the retained pods
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Organ / stage
- nodes 2 and 3e4
- Outcome
- pods retainede4
- Value
- 50%e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In a glasshouse study, the pattern of flower and pod production at the various flowering nodes of Phaseolus vulgaris (cv. 344) was mapped out”
e4“but nodes 2 and 3 developed the bulk (50%) of the pods retained”
Claim · model-written summary
Flower opening over the whole plant spanned an average of 12 days
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Outcome
- period of flower openinge5
- Value
- 12 dayse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In a glasshouse study, the pattern of flower and pod production at the various flowering nodes of Phaseolus vulgaris (cv. 344) was mapped out”
e5“The period of flower opening over the whole plant spanned an average of 12 days”
Claim · model-written summary
90% of retained pods were formed from flowers opened within 4 days of anthesis
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Outcome
- pods retained to maturitye6
- Value
- 90%e6
- Qualifier
- formed from flowers opened within 4 days of anthesise6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In a glasshouse study, the pattern of flower and pod production at the various flowering nodes of Phaseolus vulgaris (cv. 344) was mapped out”
e6“90% of the pods retained to maturity were formed from flowers opened within 4 days of anthesis”
Claim · model-written summary
Pod elongation was initially very rapid in pods that would be retained after fertilization
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Organ / stage
- pods to be retainede7
- Outcome
- Pod elongatione7
- Qualifier
- initially very rapide7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In a glasshouse study, the pattern of flower and pod production at the various flowering nodes of Phaseolus vulgaris (cv. 344) was mapped out”
e7“Pod elongation was initially very rapid in the pods to be retained, following successful fertilization”
Claim · model-written summary
Late pod growth was devoted almost entirely to seed filling
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Organ / stage
- latter period of pod growthe2
- Outcome
- seedfillinge2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In a glasshouse study, the pattern of flower and pod production at the various flowering nodes of Phaseolus vulgaris (cv. 344) was mapped out”
e2“the latter period of pod growth devoted almost entirely to seedfilling”
Claim · model-written summary
Abscission development in Phaseolus pods proceeds at a slow growth rate
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Outcome
- development of abscissione3
- Qualifier
- slow growth ratee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In a glasshouse study, the pattern of flower and pod production at the various flowering nodes of Phaseolus vulgaris (cv. 344) was mapped out”
e3“A slow growth rate characterizes the development of abscission in Phaseolus pods”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed number per pod is determined later in pod growth
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Outcome
- number of seeds per pode4
- Qualifier
- determined later in pod growthe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In a glasshouse study, the pattern of flower and pod production at the various flowering nodes of Phaseolus vulgaris (cv. 344) was mapped out”
e4“the number of seeds per pod is determined later in pod growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Flower or pod removal prolonged flowering
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- Flower or pod removale5
- Outcome
- floweringe5
- Direction
- prolongede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In a glasshouse study, the pattern of flower and pod production at the various flowering nodes of Phaseolus vulgaris (cv. 344) was mapped out”
e5“Flower or pod removal prolonged flowering and led to longer leaf retention and more branches on the main stem”
Claim · model-written summary
Flower or pod removal led to longer leaf retention
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- Flower or pod removale5
- Outcome
- leaf retentione5
- Direction
- longere5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In a glasshouse study, the pattern of flower and pod production at the various flowering nodes of Phaseolus vulgaris (cv. 344) was mapped out”
e5“Flower or pod removal prolonged flowering and led to longer leaf retention and more branches on the main stem”
Claim · model-written summary
Flower or pod removal led to more branches on the main stem
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- Flower or pod removale5
- Outcome
- branches on the main steme5
- Direction
- moree5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In a glasshouse study, the pattern of flower and pod production at the various flowering nodes of Phaseolus vulgaris (cv. 344) was mapped out”
e5“Flower or pod removal prolonged flowering and led to longer leaf retention and more branches on the main stem”
Claim · model-written summary
Flower or pod removal lowered the number of mature pods
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- Flower or pod removale5
- Outcome
- number of mature podse6
- Direction
- lowere6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In a glasshouse study, the pattern of flower and pod production at the various flowering nodes of Phaseolus vulgaris (cv. 344) was mapped out”
e5“Flower or pod removal prolonged flowering and led to longer leaf retention and more branches on the main stem”
e6“The number of mature pods was lower on the treated plants and the more severe the removal the larger were these treatment effects”
Claim · model-written summary
Greater severity of removal was associated with larger treatment effects
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- the more severe the removale6
- Outcome
- treatment effectse6
- Direction
- largere6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In a glasshouse study, the pattern of flower and pod production at the various flowering nodes of Phaseolus vulgaris (cv. 344) was mapped out”
e6“The number of mature pods was lower on the treated plants and the more severe the removal the larger were these treatment effects”
Claim · model-written summary
Plants compensated for fewer pods by producing more seeds per pod after flower or pod removal
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- Flower or pod removale5
- Outcome
- seeds per pode7
- Direction
- moree7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In a glasshouse study, the pattern of flower and pod production at the various flowering nodes of Phaseolus vulgaris (cv. 344) was mapped out”
e5“Flower or pod removal prolonged flowering and led to longer leaf retention and more branches on the main stem”
e7“Plants compensated for fewer pods by having more seeds per pod but these were not enough to prevent significant depression of seed dry weight per plant by the most severe removals”
Claim · model-written summary
The most severe removals significantly decreased seed dry weight per plant
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- most severe removalse7
- Outcome
- seed dry weight per plante7
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In a glasshouse study, the pattern of flower and pod production at the various flowering nodes of Phaseolus vulgaris (cv. 344) was mapped out”
e7“Plants compensated for fewer pods by having more seeds per pod but these were not enough to prevent significant depression of seed dry weight per plant by the most severe removals”
Claim · model-written summary
Flower or pod removal shifted pod production away from nodes 2 and 3 to other areas of the plant
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Organ / stage
- nodes 2 and 3e0
- Treatment
- Flower or pod removale0
- Outcome
- emphasis in pod productione0
- Direction
- shifte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In a glasshouse study, the pattern of flower and pod production at the various flowering nodes of Phaseolus vulgaris (cv. 344) was mapped out”
e0“Flower or pod removal led to a shift of emphasis in pod production by the plant from nodes 2 and 3 to other areas of the plant where natural wastage of flower and young pods is high”