Abstract
In the leaves of wheat plant, most of the mesophyll cells which are called the arm-palisade cells have several lateral protuberances developed at right angles to the leaf surface. In this experiment, the mesophyll structure of the wheat leaves, grown under the shades of natural daylight, were observed and following results are obtained. 1) In the leaf blades developing in the shade, the number of protuberances in a cell decrease and the cells having no protuberance increase at the base of the leaf blades inserted at lower levels of the shoot. Diameter of protuberance is larger and its length is shorter in the shade. 2) As far as the cells having the same number of protuberances are concerned, the cells in the shade are longer in length and shorter in width than those in natural daylight. 3) The ratio of the cell surface to the cell volume (S/V) and the number of cells per unit leaf area are decreased in the shade. Therefore, the total cell surface per unit leaf area is smaller in the shade than that in natural daylight. 4) At the base of the leaf blade, the above-mentioned structural changes of the mesophyll are more remarkable than those of the other portions. Accordingly, it may be concluded that the leaves developing in the shade are more resembled to the lower leaves having a structure of shade leaves.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Shade decreased the number of protuberances per cell in wheat leaf blades developing at the base.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Organ / stage
- base of the leaf bladese1
- Treatment
- shadee1
- Outcome
- the number of protuberances in a celle1
- Direction
- decreasee1
- Comparator
- natural daylighte2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the leaves of wheat plant”
e1“In the leaf blades developing in the shade, the number of protuberances in a cell decrease and the cells having no protuberance increase at the base of the leaf blades inserted at lower levels of the shoot”
e2“As far as the cells having the same number of protuberances are concerned, the cells in the shade are longer in length and shorter in width than those in natural daylight”
Claim · model-written summary
Shade increased the cells with no protuberance at the base of wheat leaf blades.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- base of the leaf bladese1
- Treatment
- shadee1
- Outcome
- cells having no protuberancee1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Comparator
- natural daylighte2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the leaves of wheat plant”
e1“In the leaf blades developing in the shade, the number of protuberances in a cell decrease and the cells having no protuberance increase at the base of the leaf blades inserted at lower levels of the shoot”
e2“As far as the cells having the same number of protuberances are concerned, the cells in the shade are longer in length and shorter in width than those in natural daylight”
Claim · model-written summary
Shade made protuberances of wheat leaf mesophyll cells larger in diameter.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- shadee3
- Outcome
- Diameter of protuberancee3
- Direction
- largere3
- Comparator
- natural daylighte2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the leaves of wheat plant”
e3“Diameter of protuberance is larger and its length is shorter in the shade”
e2“As far as the cells having the same number of protuberances are concerned, the cells in the shade are longer in length and shorter in width than those in natural daylight”
Claim · model-written summary
Shade made protuberances of wheat leaf mesophyll cells shorter in length.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- shadee3
- Outcome
- its lengthe3
- Direction
- shortere3
- Comparator
- natural daylighte2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the leaves of wheat plant”
e3“Diameter of protuberance is larger and its length is shorter in the shade”
e2“As far as the cells having the same number of protuberances are concerned, the cells in the shade are longer in length and shorter in width than those in natural daylight”
Claim · model-written summary
Cells with the same number of protuberances were longer in shade than in natural daylight.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- cellse2
- Treatment
- shadee2
- Outcome
- lengthe2
- Direction
- longere2
- Qualifier
- cells having the same number of protuberancese2
- Comparator
- natural daylighte2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the leaves of wheat plant”
e2“As far as the cells having the same number of protuberances are concerned, the cells in the shade are longer in length and shorter in width than those in natural daylight”
Claim · model-written summary
Cells with the same number of protuberances were shorter in width in shade than in natural daylight.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- cellse2
- Treatment
- shadee2
- Outcome
- widthe2
- Direction
- shortere2
- Qualifier
- cells having the same number of protuberancese2
- Comparator
- natural daylighte2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the leaves of wheat plant”
e2“As far as the cells having the same number of protuberances are concerned, the cells in the shade are longer in length and shorter in width than those in natural daylight”
Claim · model-written summary
Shade decreased the cell surface to volume ratio and the number of cells per unit leaf area in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- shadee4
- Outcome
- The ratio of the cell surface to the cell volume (S/V) and the number of cells per unit leaf areae4
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Comparator
- natural daylighte5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the leaves of wheat plant”
e4“The ratio of the cell surface to the cell volume (S/V) and the number of cells per unit leaf area are decreased in the shade”
e5“the total cell surface per unit leaf area is smaller in the shade than that in natural daylight”
Claim · model-written summary
Shade made the total cell surface per unit leaf area of wheat smaller than in natural daylight.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- shadee5
- Outcome
- total cell surface per unit leaf areae5
- Direction
- smallere5
- Comparator
- natural daylighte5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the leaves of wheat plant”
e5“the total cell surface per unit leaf area is smaller in the shade than that in natural daylight”
Claim · model-written summary
Structural changes of the wheat mesophyll were more remarkable at the base of the leaf blade than in other portions.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- base of the leaf bladee6
- Outcome
- structural changes of the mesophylle6
- Direction
- more remarkablee6
- Comparator
- those of the other portionse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the leaves of wheat plant”
e6“At the base of the leaf blade, the above-mentioned structural changes of the mesophyll are more remarkable than those of the other portions”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaves developing in shade may resemble lower leaves with a shade-leaf structure.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- developing in the shadee7
- Outcome
- a structure of shade leavese7
- Direction
- more resemblede7
- Comparator
- lower leavese7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the leaves of wheat plant”
e7“the leaves developing in the shade are more resembled to the lower leaves having a structure of shade leaves”