Abstract
Abstract ‘Tifway‘ hybrid bermudagrass [ Cynodon transvaalensis Burtt‐Davy × C. daetylon (L.) Pers.] and common bermudagrass [ C. dactylon (L.) Pers.] are popular turfgrasses used throughout the southern USA. When both grasses are managed as a medium‐ to high‐quality turf, frequent mowings are needed to limit vegetative growth and seedhead emergence. Plant growth regulators offer the potential to reduce the number of mowings needed by bermudagrass. Therefore, experiments were conducted on Tifway and common bermudagrasses to determine the effects of plant growth regulators on vegetative growth, seedhead suppression, and mowing requirements. Flurprimidol {α‐(1‐methylethyl)‐α‐[4‐(trifluoro‐methoxy) phenyl]‐5‐pyrimidine‐methanol}, paclobutrazol, {(±)‐(R*R*)β‐[(4‐chlorophenyl) methyl]‐α‐(1,1‐dimethylethyl)‐1 H ‐1,2,4‐triazole‐1‐ethanol}, and trinexapac‐ethyl [4(cyclopropyl‐α‐hydroxy‐methylene)‐3,5‐dioxocyclohexanecarboxylic acid ethyl ester] plant growth regulators were each applied at various rates in three applications at 4‐wk intervals. When Tifway bermudagrass was treated initially with trinexapac‐ethyl at 0.2 kg ha −1 , and followed by 0.1 kg ha −1 at 4 and 8 wk, vegetative growth and seedheads were suppressed for 12 wk and the number of mowings were reduced by 70 and 67% during 1992 and 1993, respectively. However, the quality of Tifway bermudagrass as significantly lowered in plots treated with trinexapac‐ethyl at this rate at four rating dates during 1992 and three rating dates during 1993, when compared with turfgrass treated initially at 0.1 kg ha −1 , and followed by 0.05 kg ha −1 at 4 and 8 wk. Common bermudagrass was less affected by these treatments. Neither flurprimidol nor paclobutrazol applied in three applications during a 12‐wk period provided consistent vegetative growth and seedhead suppression of common bermudagrass during 1992 and 1993.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
The trinexapac-ethyl regimen suppressed Tifway vegetative growth for 12 weeks.
- Taxon
- Tifway bermudagrasse0
- Treatment
- trinexapac‐ethyl at 0.2 kg ha −1 , and followed by 0.1 kg ha −1 at 4 and 8 wke0
- Outcome
- vegetative growthe0
- Direction
- suppressede0
- Value
- 12 wke0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“When Tifway bermudagrass was treated initially with trinexapac‐ethyl at 0.2 kg ha −1 , and followed by 0.1 kg ha −1 at 4 and 8 wk, vegetative growth and seedheads were suppressed for 12 wk”
Claim · model-written summary
The regimen suppressed Tifway seedheads for 12 weeks.
- Taxon
- Tifway bermudagrasse0
- Treatment
- trinexapac‐ethyl at 0.2 kg ha −1 , and followed by 0.1 kg ha −1 at 4 and 8 wke0
- Outcome
- seedheadse0
- Direction
- suppressede0
- Value
- 12 wke0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“When Tifway bermudagrass was treated initially with trinexapac‐ethyl at 0.2 kg ha −1 , and followed by 0.1 kg ha −1 at 4 and 8 wk, vegetative growth and seedheads were suppressed for 12 wk”
Claim · model-written summary
The regimen reduced Tifway mowings by 70% in 1992.
- Taxon
- Tifway bermudagrasse1
- Treatment
- trinexapac‐ethyl at 0.2 kg ha −1 , and followed by 0.1 kg ha −1 at 4 and 8 wke1
- Outcome
- number of mowingse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 70e0
- Qualifier
- 1992e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the number of mowings were reduced by 70 and 67% during 1992 and 1993, respectively”
t0“Two Bermudagrasses”
e1“Tifway bermudagrass was treated initially with trinexapac‐ethyl at 0.2 kg ha −1 , and followed by 0.1 kg ha −1 at 4 and 8 wk”
Claim · model-written summary
The regimen reduced Tifway mowings by 67% in 1993.
- Taxon
- Tifway bermudagrasse1
- Treatment
- trinexapac‐ethyl at 0.2 kg ha −1 , and followed by 0.1 kg ha −1 at 4 and 8 wke1
- Outcome
- number of mowingse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 67%e0
- Qualifier
- 1993e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the number of mowings were reduced by 70 and 67% during 1992 and 1993, respectively”
e1“Tifway bermudagrass was treated initially with trinexapac‐ethyl at 0.2 kg ha −1 , and followed by 0.1 kg ha −1 at 4 and 8 wk”
Claim · model-written summary
The higher trinexapac-ethyl regimen significantly lowered Tifway quality compared with the lower regimen.
- Taxon
- Tifway bermudagrasse0
- Treatment
- trinexapac‐ethyl at 0.2 kg ha −1 , and followed by 0.1 kg ha −1 at 4 and 8 wke1
- Outcome
- qualitye0
- Direction
- lowerede0
- Qualifier
- four rating dates during 1992 and three rating dates during 1993e0
- Comparator
- turfgrass treated initially at 0.1 kg ha −1 , and followed by 0.05 kg ha −1 at 4 and 8 wke0
Verbatim
e0“the quality of Tifway bermudagrass as significantly lowered in plots treated with trinexapac‐ethyl at this rate at four rating dates during 1992 and three rating dates during 1993, when compared with turfgrass treated initially at 0.1 kg ha −1 , and followed by 0.05 kg ha −1 at 4 and 8 wk”
e1“trinexapac‐ethyl at 0.2 kg ha −1 , and followed by 0.1 kg ha −1 at 4 and 8 wk”
Claim · model-written summary
Common bermudagrass was less affected by these treatments.
Verbatim
e0“Common bermudagrass was less affected by these treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
Repeated flurprimidol did not consistently suppress common bermudagrass vegetative growth and seedheads.
- Taxon
- common bermudagrasse0
- Treatment
- flurprimidole0
- Outcome
- vegetative growth and seedhead suppressione0
- Direction
- Neithere0
- Qualifier
- during 1992 and 1993e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Neither flurprimidol nor paclobutrazol applied in three applications during a 12‐wk period provided consistent vegetative growth and seedhead suppression of common bermudagrass during 1992 and 1993”
Claim · model-written summary
Repeated paclobutrazol did not consistently suppress common bermudagrass vegetative growth and seedheads.
- Taxon
- common bermudagrasse0
- Treatment
- paclobutrazole0
- Outcome
- vegetative growth and seedhead suppressione0
- Direction
- Neithere0
- Qualifier
- during 1992 and 1993e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Neither flurprimidol nor paclobutrazol applied in three applications during a 12‐wk period provided consistent vegetative growth and seedhead suppression of common bermudagrass during 1992 and 1993”
The same questions in other papers
paclobutrazol · control · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
Flurprimidol · control · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Positive and negative results
3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.