Abstract
Bermudagrass ( Cynodon spp.) encroachment into creeping bentgrass ( Agrostis stolonifera var. palustris Huds.) golf greens is a severe problem where both grasses are grown. Research was initiated to determine the effects of dates and frequency of herbicide‐plant growth regulator (PGR) treatments on tolerance of creeping bentgrass and encroachment of three bermudagrass cultivars under golf green conditions. Treatments were arranged in a split‐plot design with frequency of herbicide‐PGR application as main plots and bermudagrass cultivars as subplots. Soil type was an artificial rootzone mix. Creeping bentgrass was injured more when treated with various herbicide‐PGR combinations in September than in April. However, creeping bentgrass injury was unacceptable (>30%) with mefluidide { N ‐[2,4‐dimethyl‐5‐[[(trifluoromethyl)‐sulfonyl] amino]phenyl]acetamide} applied in sequence with siduron [ N ‐(2‐methyl‐cyclohexyl]‐ N ‐phenylurea] or ethofumesate [(±)2‐ethoxy‐2,3‐dihydro‐3,3‐dimethyl‐5‐benzofuranyl methanesulfonate] at either date. In general, herbicide‐PGR treatments applied in April suppressed foliage and stolon growth of bermudagrass equal to or better than treatments applied in September and April. Bermudagrass growth was effectively suppressed until late May or early June when treated with siduron, siduron with flurprimidol {α‐(1‐methylethyl)‐α‐[4‐(trifluoromethoxy)‐phenyl]‐5‐pyrimidine‐methanol}, or ethofumesate with flurprimidol. There generally was no difference in foliar growth suppression from treatments applied to ‘Tifway’, ‘Tifgreen’, both C. transvaalensis Burtt‐Davy ✕ C. dactylon (L.) Pers., and common bermudagrass, C. dactylon (L.) Pers. When chemicals were applied only in April, the length and number of bermudagrass stolons were effectively suppressed for several weeks but stolon growth recovered and increased rapidly from mid‐May until June. The suppression of stolon growth of all bermudagrass cultivars in June was as good or better when treated with ethofumesate plus flurprimidol than with other treatments.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
September treatments injured bentgrass more than April treatments.
- Taxon
- Creeping bentgrass
Agrostis stoloniferae0 - Treatment
- herbicide‐PGR combinationse0
- Outcome
- Creeping bentgrass was injurede0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- Aprile0
Not reportedSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Creeping bentgrass was injured more when treated with various herbicide‐PGR combinations in September than in April.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mefluidide followed by siduron or ethofumesate caused unacceptable bentgrass injury at either date.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrassAgrostis stoloniferae0
- Treatment
- mefluididee0
- Outcome
- creeping bentgrass injurye0
- Direction
- unacceptablee0
- Value
- >30%e0
- Qualifier
- at either datee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“creeping bentgrass injury was unacceptable (>30%) with mefluidide { N ‐[2,4‐dimethyl‐5‐[[(trifluoromethyl)‐sulfonyl] amino]phenyl]acetamide} applied in sequence with siduron [ N ‐(2‐methyl‐cyclohexyl]‐ N ‐phenylurea] or ethofumesate [(±)2‐ethoxy‐2,3‐dihydro‐3,3‐dimethyl‐5‐benzofuranyl methanesulfonate] at either date.”
Claim · model-written summary
April treatments suppressed bermudagrass foliage and stolons at least as well as September and April treatments.
- Taxon
- bermudagrass
Cynodon dactylone0 - Treatment
- herbicide‐PGR treatments applied in Aprile0
- Outcome
- foliage and stolon growthe0
- Direction
- suppressede0
- Comparator
- treatments applied in September and Aprile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“herbicide‐PGR treatments applied in April suppressed foliage and stolon growth of bermudagrass equal to or better than treatments applied in September and April.”
Claim · model-written summary
Siduron, siduron with flurprimidol, or ethofumesate with flurprimidol suppressed bermudagrass until late May or early June.
- Taxon
- BermudagrassCynodon dactylone0
- Treatment
- sidurone0
- Outcome
- Bermudagrass growthe0
- Direction
- suppressede0
- Qualifier
- until late May or early Junee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bermudagrass growth was effectively suppressed until late May or early June when treated with siduron, siduron with flurprimidol {α‐(1‐methylethyl)‐α‐[4‐(trifluoromethoxy)‐phenyl]‐5‐pyrimidine‐methanol}, or ethofumesate with flurprimidol.”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar suppression was generally similar among the three bermudagrass cultivars.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylone0
- Outcome
- foliar growth suppressione0
- Direction
- no differencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There generally was no difference in foliar growth suppression from treatments applied to ‘Tifway’, ‘Tifgreen’, both C. transvaalensis Burtt‐Davy ✕ C. dactylon (L.) Pers., and common bermudagrass, C. dactylon (L.) Pers.”
Claim · model-written summary
April-only chemical applications suppressed bermudagrass stolon length and number for several weeks before rapid recovery.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylone0
- Treatment
- chemicals were applied only in Aprile0
- Outcome
- length and number of bermudagrass stolonse0
- Direction
- suppressede0
- Qualifier
- for several weekse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When chemicals were applied only in April, the length and number of bermudagrass stolons were effectively suppressed for several weeks but stolon growth recovered and increased rapidly from mid‐May until June.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethofumesate plus flurprimidol suppressed June stolon growth as well as or better than other treatments.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylone0
- Treatment
- ethofumesate plus flurprimidole0
- Outcome
- suppression of stolon growthe0
- Direction
- as good or bettere0
- Qualifier
- in Junee0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The suppression of stolon growth of all bermudagrass cultivars in June was as good or better when treated with ethofumesate plus flurprimidol than with other treatments.”
The same questions in other papers
Siduron · growth · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
Flurprimidol · control · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
Mefluidide · crop injury · Agrostis stolonifera (creeping bent grass)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
ethofumesate · control · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
herbicide · growth · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- negative
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.