Abstract
Summary Punch planting is introduced as a new method to reduce weeds within rows in organically grown crops. In this method a hole is punched in the soil, and a seed is dropped into it, without seedbed preparation and soil disturbance outside the hole. In 2 years, punch planting with flame weeding, normal planting with flame weeding and normal planting without flame weeding were compared in fodder beet for five planting dates. Each planting date represented a lag‐period since establishment of the stale seedbed. Over all planting times and years, punch planting with flame weeding reduced intra‐row weed densities by 30% at the two to four leaf stage of fodder beet compared with normal drilling with flame weeding. Punch planting with flame weeding also reduced intra‐row weed densities by 50% compared with normal drilling without flame weeding. In general, there was no improved performance of punch planting with flame weeding over years by later planting, but delayed planting reduced intra‐row weed densities significantly. Over 2 years, 240 day degrees Celsius (4 weeks) planting delay reduced intra‐row weed densities in the range of 68–86% depending on plant establishment procedure. Punch planting with flame weeding offers a promising method of weed control in organic farming.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Punch planting with flame weeding reduced intra-row weed densities by 30% in fodder beet compared with normal drilling with flame weeding.
Verbatim
e1“Over all planting times and years, punch planting with flame weeding reduced”
e2“weed densities by 30% at the two to four leaf stage of fodder beet compared with normal drilling with flame weeding”
Claim · model-written summary
Punch planting with flame weeding reduced intra-row weed densities by 50% compared with normal drilling without flame weeding.
Verbatim
e3“Punch planting with flame weeding also reduced”
e4“weed densities by 50% compared with normal drilling without flame weeding”
e0“were compared in fodder beet for five planting dates”
Claim · model-written summary
Across years, punch planting with flame weeding showed no improved performance from later planting.
Verbatim
e5“In general, there was no improved performance of punch planting with flame weeding over years by later planting”
e0“were compared in fodder beet for five planting dates”
Claim · model-written summary
Delayed planting significantly reduced intra-row weed densities in fodder beet.
- Taxon
- fodder beete0
- Treatment
- delayed plantinge6
- Interactor
- weede7weed
- Outcome
- weed densitiese7
- Direction
- reducede6
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e6“but delayed planting reduced”
e7“weed densities significantly”
e0“were compared in fodder beet for five planting dates”
Claim · model-written summary
A 240 day-degree (4 week) planting delay reduced intra-row weed densities by 68–86% in fodder beet, depending on establishment procedure.
- Taxon
- fodder beete0
- Treatment
- 240 day degrees Celsius (4 weeks) planting delaye1
- Interactor
- weede2weed
- Outcome
- weed densitiese2
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 68–86%e2
- Qualifier
- depending on plant establishment proceduree2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“Over 2 years, 240 day degrees Celsius (4 weeks) planting delay reduced”
e2“weed densities in the range of 68–86% depending on plant establishment procedure”
e0“were compared in fodder beet for five planting dates”
Claim · model-written summary
Punch planting with flame weeding is a promising method of weed control in fodder beet under organic farming.
Verbatim
e1“Punch planting with flame weeding offers a promising method of weed control in organic farming”
e0“were compared in fodder beet for five planting dates”
The same questions in other papers
herbicide · weed · Beta vulgaris (beet)Positive and negative results
49 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- no effect
- negative
59 papers more in this group
See all 63 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.