Abstract
Linseed ( Linum usitatissimum L.) is a very poor competitor with weeds, and to obtain acceptable linseed yields, weeds should be effectively controlled. Very little information is available on the tolerance of linseed to herbicide applications. In this study, the effects of nine herbicide treatments on the control of broadleaf weeds and yield response in spring‐sown linseed were evaluated. The dominant weed species were garden rocket ( Eruca sativa Mill.) and field bindweed ( Convolvulus arvensis L.). A tank mixture of bromoxynil (337.5 g a.i. ha –1 .) plus a nonionic surfactant was more effective than bromoxynil applied alone at 450 g a.i. ha –1 and led to greater yield increases. In contrast, addition of a nonionic surfactant to bentazon did not overcome a reduction in the bentazon dose from 960 to 720 g a.i. ha –1 , and the linseed yield was the same or lower than that of bentazon alone. Bromoxynil plus MCPA provided effective weed control but caused crop damage and resulted in lower yields than some of the other herbicides. Similarly, dichlorprop‐P plus mecoprop‐P plus MCPA caused severe crop phytotoxicity and reduced yield. The study confirmed that weeds can severely diminish linseed productivity and that many broadleaf weed herbicides can severely damage the linseed crop. We conclude that bentazon (1440 g a.i. ha –1 ), bromoxynil (337.5 g ha –1 a.i.) plus a nonionic surfactant, and 2, 4‐D plus MCPA are good options for chemical control of broadleaf weeds in linseed because they protected yield by providing satisfactory levels of weed control with acceptable levels of crop phytotoxicity.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Garden rocket and field bindweed were the dominant weed species in linseed.
- Taxon
- linseede0
- Interactor
- garden rocket
Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativae1weed - Second interactor
- field bindweede1weed
- Outcome
- dominant weed speciese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Linseed ( Linum usitatissimum L.) is a very poor competitor with weeds”
e1“The dominant weed species were garden rocket ( Eruca sativa Mill.) and field bindweed ( Convolvulus arvensis L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bromoxynil plus a nonionic surfactant gave greater linseed yield increases than bromoxynil alone at 450 g a.i. ha-1.
Verbatim
e0“Linseed ( Linum usitatissimum L.) is a very poor competitor with weeds”
e2“A tank mixture of bromoxynil (337.5 g a.i. ha –1 .) plus a nonionic surfactant was more effective than bromoxynil applied alone at 450 g a.i. ha –1 and led to greater yield increases”
Claim · model-written summary
Bromoxynil plus a nonionic surfactant was more effective than bromoxynil alone at 450 g a.i. ha-1.
Verbatim
e0“Linseed ( Linum usitatissimum L.) is a very poor competitor with weeds”
e2“A tank mixture of bromoxynil (337.5 g a.i. ha –1 .) plus a nonionic surfactant was more effective than bromoxynil applied alone at 450 g a.i. ha –1 and led to greater yield increases”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding a nonionic surfactant to bentazon did not overcome a reduced bentazon dose; linseed yield was the same or lower than with bentazon alone.
Verbatim
e0“Linseed ( Linum usitatissimum L.) is a very poor competitor with weeds”
e3“addition of a nonionic surfactant to bentazon did not overcome a reduction in the bentazon dose from 960 to 720 g a.i. ha –1 , and the linseed yield was the same or lower than that of bentazon alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Bromoxynil plus MCPA gave effective weed control in linseed.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Linseed ( Linum usitatissimum L.) is a very poor competitor with weeds”
e4“Bromoxynil plus MCPA provided effective weed control but caused crop damage and resulted in lower yields than some of the other herbicides”
Claim · model-written summary
Bromoxynil plus MCPA caused crop damage in linseed.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Linseed ( Linum usitatissimum L.) is a very poor competitor with weeds”
e4“Bromoxynil plus MCPA provided effective weed control but caused crop damage and resulted in lower yields than some of the other herbicides”
Claim · model-written summary
Bromoxynil plus MCPA resulted in lower linseed yields than some of the other herbicides.
Verbatim
e0“Linseed ( Linum usitatissimum L.) is a very poor competitor with weeds”
e4“Bromoxynil plus MCPA provided effective weed control but caused crop damage and resulted in lower yields than some of the other herbicides”
Claim · model-written summary
Dichlorprop-P plus mecoprop-P plus MCPA caused severe crop phytotoxicity in linseed.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Linseed ( Linum usitatissimum L.) is a very poor competitor with weeds”
e5“dichlorprop‐P plus mecoprop‐P plus MCPA caused severe crop phytotoxicity and reduced yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Dichlorprop-P plus mecoprop-P plus MCPA reduced linseed yield.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Linseed ( Linum usitatissimum L.) is a very poor competitor with weeds”
e5“dichlorprop‐P plus mecoprop‐P plus MCPA caused severe crop phytotoxicity and reduced yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Weeds can severely diminish linseed productivity.
Verbatim
e0“Linseed ( Linum usitatissimum L.) is a very poor competitor with weeds”
e6“weeds can severely diminish linseed productivity and that many broadleaf weed herbicides can severely damage the linseed crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Many broadleaf weed herbicides can severely damage the linseed crop.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Linseed ( Linum usitatissimum L.) is a very poor competitor with weeds”
e6“weeds can severely diminish linseed productivity and that many broadleaf weed herbicides can severely damage the linseed crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Bentazon, bromoxynil plus a nonionic surfactant, and 2,4-D plus MCPA are good options for chemical control of broadleaf weeds in linseed.
- Taxon
- linseede0
- Treatment
- bentazon (1440 g a.i. ha –1 ), bromoxynil (337.5 g ha –1 a.i.) plus a nonionic surfactant, and 2, 4‐D plus MCPAe7
- Outcome
- chemical control of broadleaf weedse7
- Qualifier
- they protected yield by providing satisfactory levels of weed control with acceptable levels of crop phytotoxicitye6
Verbatim
e0“Linseed ( Linum usitatissimum L.) is a very poor competitor with weeds”
e7“bentazon (1440 g a.i. ha –1 ), bromoxynil (337.5 g ha –1 a.i.) plus a nonionic surfactant, and 2, 4‐D plus MCPA are good options for chemical control of broadleaf weeds in linseed”
e6“they protected yield by providing satisfactory levels of weed control with acceptable levels of crop phytotoxicity”
The same questions in other papers
3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile · yield · Linum usitatissimum (flax)Results differ
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
bentazone · yield · Linum usitatissimum (flax)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid · crop injury · Linum usitatissimum (flax)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid · yield · Linum usitatissimum (flax)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid · pest · Linum usitatissimum (flax)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile · pest · Linum usitatissimum (flax)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile · weed · Linum usitatissimum (flax)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
(R)-dichlorprop · yield · Linum usitatissimum (flax)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.