Abstract
Two field experiments were conducted during two successive seasons of 2004/05 and 2005/06 at Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Egypt, to investigate the efficacy of some weed control treatments i.e. bentazon, bromoxynil, fluazifop-p-butyl and butralin, in addition to the hand weeding for controlling annual weeds and their effects on some growth characters, straw and seed yield of flax. Results indicated that bromoxynil, bentazon and butralin achieved good control for broad leaf weeds during the two seasons. These herbicides reduced broad leaf weeds by 81.3, 74.9 and 71.2%, respectively in 2004/05 season and by 76.2, 71.1 and 72.1%, respectively in 2005/06 season as compared to the weedy check. Fluazifop-p-butyl achieved the highest reduction of annual grassy weeds as it reduced grassy weeds by 71.8 and 70.9%, respectively in the two seasons as compared to weedy check. Hand weeding (twice) was not enough for reducing weed population, as it reduced annual weeds only by 62.6 and 59.6%. Therefore, it can be practiced only as a helping factor in weed control program. Results revealed that all studied herbicides significantly increased growth characters of flax i.e. plant height, dry weight/plant, technical length and fruit zone length during the growth stage and at harvest. Bromoxynil, bentazon, butralin and fluazifop-p-butyl herbicides Increased straw yield by 55.3, 51.6, 51.6 and 51.6% and; 71.1, 36.7, 49.2 and 35.2% and increased seed yield of flax by 35.2, 35.1, 13.5 and 13.5% and; 35.9, 33.3, 25.6 and 15.4% during both seasons, respectively as compared to the weedy check. Data also cleared that most herbicidal treatments slightly decreased chlorophyll(a) and (b) but did not adversely affect oil content of flax seeds.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Bromoxynil reduced broadleaf weeds by 81.3% in 2004/05 and 76.2% in 2005/06.
- Taxon
- flax
Linum usitatissimumt0 - Treatment
- bromoxynile1
- Interactor
- broad leaf weedse0weed
- Outcome
- broad leaf weedse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 81.3e0
- Comparator
- weedy checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These herbicides reduced broad leaf weeds by 81.3, 74.9 and 71.2%, respectively in 2004/05 season and by 76.2, 71.1 and 72.1%, respectively in 2005/06 season as compared to the weedy check.”
t0“flax”
e1“bromoxynil, bentazon and butralin”
Claim · model-written summary
Bentazon reduced broadleaf weeds by 74.9% and 71.1% across seasons.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimumt0
- Treatment
- bentazone1
- Interactor
- broad leaf weedse0weed
- Outcome
- broad leaf weedse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 74.9e0
- Comparator
- weedy checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These herbicides reduced broad leaf weeds by 81.3, 74.9 and 71.2%, respectively in 2004/05 season and by 76.2, 71.1 and 72.1%, respectively in 2005/06 season as compared to the weedy check.”
t0“flax”
e1“bromoxynil, bentazon and butralin”
Claim · model-written summary
Butralin reduced broadleaf weeds by 71.2% and 72.1% across seasons.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimumt0
- Treatment
- butraline1
- Interactor
- broad leaf weedse0weed
- Outcome
- broad leaf weedse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 71.2%e0
- Comparator
- weedy checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These herbicides reduced broad leaf weeds by 81.3, 74.9 and 71.2%, respectively in 2004/05 season and by 76.2, 71.1 and 72.1%, respectively in 2005/06 season as compared to the weedy check.”
t0“flax”
e1“bromoxynil, bentazon and butralin”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluazifop-p-butyl reduced annual grassy weeds by 71.8 and 70.9% in the two seasons.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimumt0
- Treatment
- Fluazifop-p-butyle0
- Interactor
- annual grassy weedse0weed
- Outcome
- annual grassy weedse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 71.8e0
- Comparator
- weedy checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fluazifop-p-butyl achieved the highest reduction of annual grassy weeds as it reduced grassy weeds by 71.8 and 70.9%, respectively in the two seasons as compared to weedy check.”
t0“flax”
Claim · model-written summary
Twice hand weeding reduced annual weeds by 62.6 and 59.6% but was judged insufficient.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimumt0
- Treatment
- Hand weeding (twice)e0
- Interactor
- annual weedse0weed
- Outcome
- annual weedse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 62.6e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hand weeding (twice) was not enough for reducing weed population, as it reduced annual weeds only by 62.6 and 59.6%.”
t0“flax”
Claim · model-written summary
Hand weeding was recommended only as an auxiliary weed control method.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimumt0
- Outcome
- helping factor in weed control programe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it can be practiced only as a helping factor in weed control program.”
t0“flax”
Claim · model-written summary
All herbicides significantly increased flax height, dry weight, technical length and fruit zone length.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimume0
- Treatment
- all studied herbicidese0
- Outcome
- plant height, dry weight/plant, technical lengthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all studied herbicides significantly increased growth characters of flax i.e. plant height, dry weight/plant, technical length and fruit zone length during the growth stage and at harvest.”
Claim · model-written summary
Bromoxynil increased straw yield by 55.3% and 71.1% across seasons.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimumt0
- Treatment
- Bromoxynile0
- Outcome
- straw yielde0
- Direction
- Increasede0
- Value
- 55.3e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bromoxynil, bentazon, butralin and fluazifop-p-butyl herbicides Increased straw yield by 55.3, 51.6, 51.6 and 51.6% and; 71.1, 36.7, 49.2 and 35.2%”
t0“flax”
Claim · model-written summary
Bentazon increased straw yield by 51.6% and 36.7% across seasons.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimumt0
- Treatment
- bentazone0
- Outcome
- straw yielde0
- Direction
- Increasede0
- Value
- 36.7e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bromoxynil, bentazon, butralin and fluazifop-p-butyl herbicides Increased straw yield by 55.3, 51.6, 51.6 and 51.6% and; 71.1, 36.7, 49.2 and 35.2%”
t0“flax”
Claim · model-written summary
Butralin increased straw yield by 51.6% and 49.2% across seasons.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimumt0
- Treatment
- butraline0
- Outcome
- straw yielde0
- Direction
- Increasede0
- Value
- 49.2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bromoxynil, bentazon, butralin and fluazifop-p-butyl herbicides Increased straw yield by 55.3, 51.6, 51.6 and 51.6% and; 71.1, 36.7, 49.2 and 35.2%”
t0“flax”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluazifop-p-butyl increased straw yield by 51.6% and 35.2% across seasons.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimumt0
- Treatment
- fluazifop-p-butyle0
- Outcome
- straw yielde0
- Direction
- Increasede0
- Value
- 35.2%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bromoxynil, bentazon, butralin and fluazifop-p-butyl herbicides Increased straw yield by 55.3, 51.6, 51.6 and 51.6% and; 71.1, 36.7, 49.2 and 35.2%”
t0“flax”
Claim · model-written summary
Bromoxynil increased seed yield by 35.2% and 35.9% across seasons.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimume0
- Treatment
- Bromoxynile1
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 35.9e0
- Comparator
- weedy checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased seed yield of flax by 35.2, 35.1, 13.5 and 13.5% and; 35.9, 33.3, 25.6 and 15.4% during both seasons, respectively as compared to the weedy check.”
e1“Bromoxynil, bentazon, butralin and fluazifop-p-butyl”
Claim · model-written summary
Bentazon increased seed yield by 35.1% and 33.3% across seasons.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimume0
- Treatment
- bentazone1
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 33.3e0
- Comparator
- weedy checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased seed yield of flax by 35.2, 35.1, 13.5 and 13.5% and; 35.9, 33.3, 25.6 and 15.4% during both seasons, respectively as compared to the weedy check.”
e1“Bromoxynil, bentazon, butralin and fluazifop-p-butyl”
Claim · model-written summary
Butralin increased seed yield by 13.5% and 25.6% across seasons.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimume0
- Treatment
- butraline1
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 25.6e0
- Comparator
- weedy checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased seed yield of flax by 35.2, 35.1, 13.5 and 13.5% and; 35.9, 33.3, 25.6 and 15.4% during both seasons, respectively as compared to the weedy check.”
e1“Bromoxynil, bentazon, butralin and fluazifop-p-butyl”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluazifop-p-butyl increased seed yield by 13.5% and 15.4% across seasons.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimume0
- Treatment
- fluazifop-p-butyle1
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 15.4%e0
- Comparator
- weedy checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased seed yield of flax by 35.2, 35.1, 13.5 and 13.5% and; 35.9, 33.3, 25.6 and 15.4% during both seasons, respectively as compared to the weedy check.”
e1“Bromoxynil, bentazon, butralin and fluazifop-p-butyl”
Claim · model-written summary
Most herbicides slightly decreased flax chlorophyll a and b.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimumt0
- Treatment
- most herbicidal treatmentse0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll(a) and (b)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“most herbicidal treatments slightly decreased chlorophyll(a) and (b)”
t0“flax”
Claim · model-written summary
Most herbicides did not adversely affect flax seed oil content.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimume0
- Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Treatment
- most herbicidal treatmentse1
- Outcome
- oil contente0
- Direction
- did not adversely affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“did not adversely affect oil content of flax seeds.”
e1“most herbicidal treatments”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.