Abstract
SUMMARY Flag leaves and ears of spring wheat cv. Timmo (in 1980) and winter wheat cv. Maris Huntsman in 1981 and 1982 were colonised by a variety of micro‐organisms whose numbers increased rapidly between anthesis and harvest. The predominant mycoflora were yeasts, yeast‐like fungi and filamentous fungi which included Cladosporium spp., Verticillium lecanii, Alternaria alternata, Fusarium spp. and Epicoccum nigrum. Although similar species were isolated, their relative abundance on flag leaves and ears differed. The fungicide captafol was most effective as a protectant and significantly decreased populations of fungi on flag leaves and ears for 6 and 4 wk respectively, compared to untreated controls. Benomyl and Delsene M (carbendazim + maneb) were the most effective of the systemic sprays and formulations. In general, fungicides affected populations of yeasts, yeast‐like fungi and Cladosporium spp. most while Alternaria was tolerant of all treatments. Yields of winter wheat were increased in two seasons by an average 0–2 t ha ‐1 (2–4%) following a single late fungicide treatment at G.S. 50 or 60 and 0–41 t ha ‐1 (5‐1%) when this was combined with an early spray against foliar diseases (G.S. 38–40). Individual treatments increased yield by up to 12% with little difference between applications at G.S. 50 or 60. The yield benefit came mainly from increased 1000‐grain weights. Germination of the treated grain was increased only slightly.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Microorganism numbers on wheat flag leaves and ears increased rapidly between anthesis and harvest.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Organ / stage
- Flag leaves and earse0
- Outcome
- micro‐organisms whose numberse0
- Direction
- increased rapidlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flag leaves and ears of spring wheat cv. Timmo (in 1980) and winter wheat cv. Maris Huntsman in 1981 and 1982 were colonised by a variety of micro‐organisms whose numbers increased rapidly between anthesis and harvest.”
Claim · model-written summary
The predominant wheat mycoflora were yeasts, yeast-like fungi and filamentous fungi.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- predominant mycoflorae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The predominant mycoflora were yeasts, yeast‐like fungi and filamentous fungi”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative abundance of phylloplane species differed between flag leaves and ears.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- flag leaves and earse0
- Outcome
- relative abundancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“their relative abundance on flag leaves and ears differed”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Captafol significantly decreased fungal populations on flag leaves and ears compared with untreated controls.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- captafole0
- Outcome
- populations of fungie0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 6 and 4 wke0
- Comparator
- untreated controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The fungicide captafol was most effective as a protectant and significantly decreased populations of fungi on flag leaves and ears for 6 and 4 wk respectively, compared to untreated controls.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Benomyl and Delsene M were the most effective systemic sprays.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- most effective of the systemic sprays and formulationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Benomyl and Delsene M (carbendazim + maneb) were the most effective of the systemic sprays and formulations.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicides affected yeasts, yeast-like fungi and Cladosporium populations most.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- fungicidese0
- Outcome
- populations of yeasts, yeast‐like fungi and Cladosporium spp.e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fungicides affected populations of yeasts, yeast‐like fungi and Cladosporium spp. most”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Alternaria was tolerant of all fungicide treatments.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- Alternaria
Alternariae0pathogen - Outcome
- Alternaria was tolerante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alternaria was tolerant of all treatments”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
A single late fungicide treatment increased winter wheat yield in two seasons.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- single late fungicide treatmente0
- Outcome
- Yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 0–2 t ha ‐1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yields of winter wheat were increased in two seasons by an average 0–2 t ha ‐1 (2–4%) following a single late fungicide treatment at G.S. 50 or 60”
Claim · model-written summary
Combining late treatment with an early foliar disease spray increased winter wheat yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- early spray against foliar diseasese0
- Outcome
- 0–41 t ha ‐1e0
- Value
- 0–41 t ha ‐1e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“0–41 t ha ‐1 (5‐1%) when this was combined with an early spray against foliar diseases (G.S. 38–40)”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Individual fungicide treatments increased yield by up to 12%, with little difference between G.S. 50 and 60.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Individual treatmentse0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- up to 12%e0
- Comparator
- applications at G.S. 50 or 60e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Individual treatments increased yield by up to 12% with little difference between applications at G.S. 50 or 60.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The yield benefit came mainly from greater 1000-grain weight.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- 1000‐grain weightse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The yield benefit came mainly from increased 1000‐grain weights.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination of treated grain increased only slightly.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- treated graine0
- Outcome
- Germinatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- only slightlye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Germination of the treated grain was increased only slightly.”
t0“wheat”
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231 papers in the same direction as this paper · 30 in the opposite direction
- positive
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- no effect
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See all 262 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.