Abstract
ABSTRACT In this study, the effects of vermicompost on the morphological characteristics of 1+0 aged oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky.) in different planting densities were investigated. Seedlings were grown under eight different conditions, including four different planting densities with and without vermicompost. Robustness, volume, and quality indices were calculated using the morphological quality criteria, e.g., height, root collar diameter, and dry weight at the end of the growing season in 1+0 aged seedlings. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the effects of vermicompost application and planting density on the morphological characteristics of oriental beech. The Duncan test was used to categorize significant differences from the ANOVA, and a correlation analysis was used to determine the direction and significance of the relationships among the parameters. An increase in planting density negatively affected seedling development in both the treatment and control groups. The best development in the control group was found in seedlings planted at a 10-cm planting density, which had a height of 16.0 cm, root collar diameter of 4.98 mm, and a seedling dry weight of 1.683 g. At the same time, the group planted at the same density with vermicompost had a height of 18.5 cm, root collar diameter of 6.07 mm, and seedling dry weight of 2.030 g. Seedlings grown at the highest planting density and treated with vermicompost had better development performance than all groups without vermicompost, even at the lowest density. In addition, the decrease in seedling development associated with an increased planting density was lower than that observed in the vermicompost group. The results of this study indicate that the vermicompost treatment positively contributed to the seedling development of oriental beech and the propagation of morphologically high quality seedlings, even at high planting densities.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing planting density negatively affected seedling development in both vermicompost and control groups.
- Taxon
- Fagus orientalis
Fagus orientalise0 - Treatment
- increase in planting densitye1
- Outcome
- seedling developmente1
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effects of vermicompost on the morphological characteristics of 1+0 aged oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky.)”
e1“An increase in planting density negatively affected seedling development in both the treatment and control groups”
Claim · model-written summary
At 10-cm density, vermicompost seedlings were taller (18.5 cm) than control seedlings (16.0 cm).
- Taxon
- Fagus orientalisFagus orientalise0
- Treatment
- vermicomposte3
- Outcome
- heighte3
- Direction
- increaseinferrede3
- Value
- 18.5 cme3
- Comparator
- control groupe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effects of vermicompost on the morphological characteristics of 1+0 aged oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky.)”
e2“The best development in the control group was found in seedlings planted at a 10-cm planting density, which had a height of 16.0 cm, root collar diameter of 4.98 mm, and a seedling dry weight of 1.683 g”
e3“the group planted at the same density with vermicompost had a height of 18.5 cm, root collar diameter of 6.07 mm, and seedling dry weight of 2.030 g”
Claim · model-written summary
At 10-cm density, vermicompost seedlings had a larger root collar diameter (6.07 mm) than control seedlings (4.98 mm).
- Taxon
- Fagus orientalisFagus orientalise0
- Treatment
- vermicomposte3
- Outcome
- root collar diametere3
- Direction
- increaseinferrede3
- Value
- 6.07 mme3
- Comparator
- control groupe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effects of vermicompost on the morphological characteristics of 1+0 aged oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky.)”
e2“The best development in the control group was found in seedlings planted at a 10-cm planting density, which had a height of 16.0 cm, root collar diameter of 4.98 mm, and a seedling dry weight of 1.683 g”
e3“the group planted at the same density with vermicompost had a height of 18.5 cm, root collar diameter of 6.07 mm, and seedling dry weight of 2.030 g”
Claim · model-written summary
At 10-cm density, vermicompost seedlings had a higher dry weight (2.030 g) than control seedlings (1.683 g).
- Taxon
- Fagus orientalisFagus orientalise0
- Treatment
- vermicomposte3
- Outcome
- seedling dry weighte3
- Direction
- increaseinferrede3
- Value
- 2.030 ge3
- Comparator
- control groupe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effects of vermicompost on the morphological characteristics of 1+0 aged oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky.)”
e2“The best development in the control group was found in seedlings planted at a 10-cm planting density, which had a height of 16.0 cm, root collar diameter of 4.98 mm, and a seedling dry weight of 1.683 g”
e3“the group planted at the same density with vermicompost had a height of 18.5 cm, root collar diameter of 6.07 mm, and seedling dry weight of 2.030 g”
Claim · model-written summary
The vermicompost treatment positively contributed to seedling development of oriental beech.
- Taxon
- Fagus orientalisFagus orientalise0
- Treatment
- vermicompost treatmente5
- Outcome
- seedling developmente5
- Direction
- positively contributede5
- Comparator
- groups without vermicomposte4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effects of vermicompost on the morphological characteristics of 1+0 aged oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky.)”
e4“Seedlings grown at the highest planting density and treated with vermicompost had better development performance than all groups without vermicompost, even at the lowest density”
e5“The results of this study indicate that the vermicompost treatment positively contributed to the seedling development of oriental beech”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedlings at the highest planting density with vermicompost performed better than all groups without vermicompost, even at the lowest density.
- Taxon
- Fagus orientalisFagus orientalise0
- Treatment
- vermicomposte4
- Outcome
- development performancee4
- Direction
- bettere4
- Qualifier
- even at the lowest densitye4
- Comparator
- all groups without vermicomposte4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effects of vermicompost on the morphological characteristics of 1+0 aged oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky.)”
e4“Seedlings grown at the highest planting density and treated with vermicompost had better development performance than all groups without vermicompost, even at the lowest density”
Claim · model-written summary
The decrease in seedling development with increasing planting density was smaller in the vermicompost group.
- Taxon
- Fagus orientalisFagus orientalise0
- Treatment
- vermicompost groupe6
- Outcome
- the decrease in seedling development associated with an increased planting densitye6
- Direction
- lowere6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effects of vermicompost on the morphological characteristics of 1+0 aged oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky.)”
e6“the decrease in seedling development associated with an increased planting density was lower than that observed in the vermicompost group”