Abstract
Abstract Plant nutrition and disease suppression are among the most important management tools for producers of hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the central and southern Great Plains. This study was conducted to examine the effects of phosphorus (P) (0, 15, and 30 kg ha−1) and potassium (K) (0, 37, and 74 kg ha−1) fertilization, foliar fungicide application, and cultivar disease tolerance on wheat yield, yield components, and severity of leaf rust (Puccinia triticina Eriks.). Compared with no P, fertilizing with P increased yield by as much as 60% (>1.3 Mg ha−1 increase). Yield of cultivars susceptible to leaf rust was nearly 0.6 Mg ha−1 less without K than with K fertilization. Fungicide application resulted in mean yields of 4.8 Mg ha−1 for both resistant and susceptible cultivars, however, yield of susceptible cultivars was suppressed more than yield of resistant ones without fungicide. Although P fertilization had a moderately suppressive effect on leaf rust, the increased yield was primarily due to production of about 50% more heads m−2 apparently from more prolific tillering. Similarly, K fertilization appeared to reduce leaf rust severity and improve yield by increasing kernel weight, but this response may have been related partially to chloride (Cl) in the KCl fertilizer. Correlations suggested that improving dry matter production and N, P, and K uptakes at the boot stage by P and K fertilization can reduce leaf rust severity later in the growing season and increase wheat grain yield. These results indicate that especially P fertilization, but also K fertilization and fungicide application, are important management tools for reducing disease and increasing winter wheat yield.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
P fertilization increased wheat yield by as much as 60% compared with no P.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- fertilizing with Pe0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 60%e0
- Qualifier
- >1.3 Mg ha−1 increasee0
- Comparator
- no Pe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with no P, fertilizing with P increased yield by as much as 60% (>1.3 Mg ha−1 increase).”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Susceptible cultivars yielded nearly 0.6 Mg ha−1 less without K than with K.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- cultivars susceptible to leaf ruste0
- Treatment
- without Ke0
- Interactor
- leaf ruste0pathogen
- Outcome
- Yielde0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- 0.6 Mg ha−1e0
- Comparator
- K fertilizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield of cultivars susceptible to leaf rust was nearly 0.6 Mg ha−1 less without K than with K fertilization.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide application produced mean yields of 4.8 Mg ha−1 in resistant and susceptible cultivars.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Fungicide applicatione0
- Outcome
- mean yieldse0
- Value
- 4.8 Mg ha−1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fungicide application resulted in mean yields of 4.8 Mg ha−1 for both resistant and susceptible cultivars”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Without fungicide, susceptible cultivars had more suppressed yield than resistant cultivars.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- susceptible cultivarse0
- Treatment
- without fungicidee0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- suppressed moree0
- Comparator
- resistant onese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield of susceptible cultivars was suppressed more than yield of resistant ones without fungicide.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
P fertilization moderately suppressed leaf rust.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- P fertilizatione0
- Interactor
- leaf ruste0pathogen
- Outcome
- leaf ruste0
- Direction
- suppressivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P fertilization had a moderately suppressive effect on leaf rust”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
P fertilization produced about 50% more heads m−2, apparently through more prolific tillering.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- increased yielde0
- Value
- 50%e0
- Qualifier
- more prolific tilleringe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the increased yield was primarily due to production of about 50% more heads m−2 apparently from more prolific tillering.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
K fertilization appeared to reduce leaf rust severity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- K fertilizatione0
- Interactor
- leaf ruste0pathogen
- Outcome
- leaf rust severitye0
- Direction
- reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“K fertilization appeared to reduce leaf rust severity”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
K fertilization appeared to improve yield by increasing kernel weight, potentially partly through chloride in KCl.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- K fertilizatione0
- Compound
- chloride (Cl)e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Qualifier
- increasing kernel weighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“K fertilization appeared to reduce leaf rust severity and improve yield by increasing kernel weight, but this response may have been related partially to chloride (Cl) in the KCl fertilizer.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Improved dry matter production and N, P and K uptake at boot stage correlated with later lower leaf rust severity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- boot stagee0
- Treatment
- P and K fertilizatione0
- Interactor
- leaf ruste0pathogen
- Outcome
- leaf rust severitye0
- Direction
- reducee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“improving dry matter production and N, P, and K uptakes at the boot stage by P and K fertilization can reduce leaf rust severity later in the growing season”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Improved dry matter and nutrient uptake at boot stage correlated with increased grain yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- boot stagee0
- Treatment
- P and K fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- wheat grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“improving dry matter production and N, P, and K uptakes at the boot stage by P and K fertilization can reduce leaf rust severity later in the growing season and increase wheat grain yield.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
P and K fertilization and fungicide application are important for disease reduction and yield increase.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- P fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- reducing disease and increasing winter wheat yielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“especially P fertilization, but also K fertilization and fungicide application, are important management tools for reducing disease and increasing winter wheat yield.”
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See all 3,438 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.