Abstract
Abstract Phosphorus (P) fertilizer recommendations for no‐till small grain production are poorly defined. These studies were conducted to determine small grain‐P response relative to the Olsen‐P soil test and compare P‐fertilizer placements with the seed and banded below and to the side of the seed under no‐till field conditions. Phosphorus rates of 0 to 26 kg P/ha were evaluated on seven spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), 11 spring wheat, and six winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) locations in central and northcentral Montana between 1986 and 1990. Grain yield, grain protein, test weight, above‐ground crop yield, plant P concentration at maturity, and P uptake were measured. One winter wheat location had a significant yield response to P; all other locations had non‐significant yield responses. Grain protein, test weight, P concentration, and P uptake were all unaffected by P rate or P placement. Both the ANOVA and paired t‐test were used to analyze the P‐placement data and were all nonsignificant. Slopes of grain yield response (grain yield for each P rate minus the grain yield without P), P concentration, and P uptake versus P rate were analyzed with the t‐test; none of the P‐response slopes were greater than zero. The P responses by individual crop were regressed against P rate, Olsen‐P soil test, available soil water at planting, and pH. Phosphorus rate was not a significant factor in any of the equations. Significant and useful predictive equations for grain yield response could not be generated; however, equations predicting P concentration and P uptake were developed. The Cate‐Nelson graphical analysis was unsuccessful in estimating an Olsen‐P soil test critical level. All attempts failed to relate grain yield or grain yield response to the Olsen‐P soil test and/or P rate. When P soil tests are higher than 12 mg/kg, no‐till grain growers should consider applying a maintenance level of P fertilizer, about 5 to 10 kg P/ha either banded below or with the seed, to maintain soil P levels.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
One winter wheat location had a significant yield response to P fertilizer.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- Pe0
- Outcome
- yield responsee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“One winter wheat location had a significant yield response to P”
Claim · model-written summary
All other locations had non-significant grain yield responses to P.
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“all other locations had non‐significant yield responses”
t0“small grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain protein and test weight were unaffected by P rate or P placement.
- Taxon
- small grainst0
- Treatment
- P rate or P placemente0
- Outcome
- Grain protein, test weighte0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Grain protein, test weight, P concentration, and P uptake were all unaffected by P rate or P placement”
t0“small grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant P concentration and P uptake were unaffected by P rate or P placement.
- Taxon
- small grainst0
- Treatment
- P rate or P placemente0
- Outcome
- P concentration, and P uptakee0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Grain protein, test weight, P concentration, and P uptake were all unaffected by P rate or P placement”
t0“small grains”
Claim · model-written summary
None of the slopes of grain yield response, P concentration and P uptake versus P rate was greater than zero.
- Taxon
- small grainst0
- Outcome
- P‐response slopese0
- Direction
- none of the P‐response slopes were greater than zeroe0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“none of the P‐response slopes were greater than zero”
t0“small grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Significant and useful predictive equations for grain yield response could not be generated.
- Outcome
- predictive equations for grain yield responsee0
Not reportedValue
Verbatim
e0“Significant and useful predictive equations for grain yield response could not be generated”
Claim · model-written summary
Equations predicting plant P concentration and P uptake were developed.
- Outcome
- equations predicting P concentration and P uptakee0
Not reportedValue
Verbatim
e0“equations predicting P concentration and P uptake were developed”
Claim · model-written summary
The Cate-Nelson graphical analysis was unsuccessful in estimating a critical level for the Olsen-P soil test.
- Outcome
- Cate‐Nelson graphical analysis was unsuccessfule0
Not reportedValue
Verbatim
e0“The Cate‐Nelson graphical analysis was unsuccessful in estimating an Olsen‐P soil test critical level”
Claim · model-written summary
All attempts failed to relate grain yield or grain yield response to the Olsen-P soil test and/or P rate.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“All attempts failed to relate grain yield or grain yield response to the Olsen‐P soil test and/or P rate”
t0“small grains”
Claim · model-written summary
When P soil tests are higher than 12 mg/kg, no-till grain growers should consider applying a maintenance level of about 5 to 10 kg P/ha banded below or with the seed.
Verbatim
e0“When P soil tests are higher than 12 mg/kg, no‐till grain growers should consider applying a maintenance level of P fertilizer, about 5 to 10 kg P/ha either banded below or with the seed”
t0“small grains”