Abstract
Abstract Efficient use of cattle‐slurry to avoid nitrogen (N) leaching and other losses is important in designing intensive dairy systems to minimize pollution of air and water. The response in dry‐matter (DM) yield of herbage and nitrate‐leaching potential to different rates and timing of application of N as cattle slurry and/or mineral fertilizer in a double‐cropping system producing maize ( Zea mays L.) silage and Italian ryegrass ( Lolium multiflorum Lam.) was investigated in north‐west Portugal. Nine treatments with different rates and combinations of cattle slurry, and with or without mineral‐N fertilizer, applied at sowing and as a top‐dressing to both crops, were tested and measurements were made of DM yield of herbage, N concentration of herbage, uptake of N by herbage and amounts of residual soil nitrate‐N to a depth of 1 m, in a 3‐year experiment. Regression analysis showed that the application of 150 and 100 kg of available N ha −1 to maize and Italian ryegrass, respectively, resulted in 0·95 of maximum DM yields of herbage and 0·90 of maximum N uptake by herbage. Residual amounts of nitrate‐N in soil after maize ranged from 48 to 278 kg N ha −1 with an exponential increase in response to the amount of N applied; there were higher values of nitrate‐leaching potential when mineral‐N fertilizer was applied. The results suggest that it is possible in highly productive maize/Italian ryegrass systems to obtain high DM yields of herbage for maize silage and Italian ryegrass herbage with minimal leaching losses by using slurry exclusively at annual rates of up to 250 kg available N ha −1 (equivalent to 480 kg total N ha −1 ) in three applications.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Applying 150 kg available N per hectare to maize produced 95% of maximum herbage dry matter yield.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of 150 and 100 kg of available N ha −1 to maize and Italian ryegrass, respectively, resulted in 0·95 of maximum DM yields of herbage and 0·90 of maximum N uptake by herbage”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying 100 kg available N per hectare to Italian ryegrass produced 95% of maximum herbage dry matter yield.
- Taxon
- Italian ryegrass
Lolium multiflorume0 - Treatment
- 100 kg of available N ha −1e0
- Outcome
- DM yields of herbagee0
- Value
- 0·95e0
- Comparator
- maximume0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of 150 and 100 kg of available N ha −1 to maize and Italian ryegrass, respectively, resulted in 0·95 of maximum DM yields of herbage and 0·90 of maximum N uptake by herbage”
Claim · model-written summary
The reported nitrogen application rates produced 90% of maximum herbage nitrogen uptake.
- Taxon
- maize and Italian ryegrassLolium multiflorum
Zea mayse0 - Treatment
- 150 and 100 kg of available N ha −1e0
- Outcome
- N uptake by herbagee0
- Value
- 0·90e0
- Comparator
- maximume0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of 150 and 100 kg of available N ha −1 to maize and Italian ryegrass, respectively, resulted in 0·95 of maximum DM yields of herbage and 0·90 of maximum N uptake by herbage”
Claim · model-written summary
Residual soil nitrate after maize ranged from 48 to 278 kg N per hectare and rose exponentially with applied nitrogen.
- Treatment
- amount of N appliede0
- Outcome
- Residual amounts of nitrate‐N in soil after maizee0
- Direction
- exponential increasee0
- Value
- 48 to 278 kg N ha −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Residual amounts of nitrate‐N in soil after maize ranged from 48 to 278 kg N ha −1 with an exponential increase in response to the amount of N applied”
Claim · model-written summary
Mineral nitrogen fertilizer produced higher nitrate leaching potential.
- Taxon
- maize/Italian ryegrassLolium multiflorumZea mayst0
- Treatment
- mineral‐N fertilizere0
- Outcome
- nitrate‐leaching potentiale0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there were higher values of nitrate‐leaching potential when mineral‐N fertilizer was applied”
t0“maize/Italian ryegrass cropping system”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend slurry alone at annual rates up to 250 kg available N per hectare, in three applications, to obtain high herbage yield with minimal leaching.
Verbatim
e0“obtain high DM yields of herbage for maize silage and Italian ryegrass herbage with minimal leaching losses by using slurry exclusively at annual rates of up to 250 kg available N ha −1 (equivalent to 480 kg total N ha −1 ) in three applications”
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See all 1,164 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.