Abstract
Chenopodium album L. and Chenopodium polyspermum L. are cosmopolitan weeds that often cause serious crop yield losses. Although it is well known that both species compete strongly with crops, nothing has been published on their relative allelopathic potentials. Experiments for assessing the allelopathic effects of C. album and C. polyspermum on three indicator species were conducted under controlled conditions. The indicator species were sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. cv. SO 222), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill cv. Heinz 1370) and the cosmopolitan weed Indian goosegrass (Eleusine indica subsp. indica (L.) Gaertn.). Top growth of mature C. album and C. polyspermum plants was freeze-dried, milled to a coarse powder and gamma-irradiated. Steam-sterilized soil was mixed with the powdered material to reach a concentration of 1% for each donor species. The control treatments consisted of an untreated soil and the same soil containing 1% extracted material of the donor species. Only sunflower and tomato showed significant growth reduction in soil containing C. album material. The emergence of tomato was significantly poorer on soil containing C. album material. C. polyspermum inhibited the growth of only sunflower seedlings. In another experiment the effects of three concentrations of each of hexane, ethyl acetate and MeOH:H2O extracts of C. album and C. polyspermum on tomato seed germination were investigated. A concentration of 8 mg ml1 of the 50:50 MeOH:H2O extractable fraction from C. album material significantly inhibited germination. Extracts of C. polyspermum did not affect germination of tomato seed significantly. Results showed that C. album, and to a lesser extent C. polyspermum, have growth-inhibiting allelopathic effects.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
C. album material significantly reduced sunflower growth.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuuse0 - Treatment
- C. album materiale0
- Interactor
- C. album
Chenopodium albume0weed - Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Only sunflower and tomato showed significant growth reduction in soil containing C. album material.”
Claim · model-written summary
C. album material significantly reduced tomato growth.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- C. album materiale0
- Interactor
- C. albumChenopodium albume0weed
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Only sunflower and tomato showed significant growth reduction in soil containing C. album material.”
Claim · model-written summary
C. album material significantly reduced tomato emergence.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- C. album materiale0
- Interactor
- C. albumChenopodium albume0weed
- Outcome
- emergence of tomatoe0
- Direction
- poorere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The emergence of tomato was significantly poorer on soil containing C. album material.”
Claim · model-written summary
C. polyspermum inhibited sunflower seedling growth.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- C. polyspermume0
- Interactor
- C. polyspermum
Lipandra polyspermae0weed - Outcome
- growth of only sunflower seedlingse0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“C. polyspermum inhibited the growth of only sunflower seedlings.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 8 mg ml1, the 50:50 MeOH:H2O fraction from C. album significantly inhibited tomato seed germination.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- 8 mg ml1 of the 50:50 MeOH:H2O extractable fraction from C. album materiale0
- Interactor
- C. albumChenopodium albume0weed
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In another experiment the effects of three concentrations of each of hexane, ethyl acetate and MeOH:H2O extracts of C. album and C. polyspermum on tomato seed germination were investigated. A concentration of 8 mg ml1 of the 50:50 MeOH:H2O extractable fraction from C. album material significantly inhibited germination.”
Claim · model-written summary
C. polyspermum extracts did not significantly affect tomato seed germination.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Extracts of C. polyspermume0
- Interactor
- C. polyspermumLipandra polyspermae0weed
- Outcome
- germination of tomato seede0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Extracts of C. polyspermum did not affect germination of tomato seed significantly.”
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