Abstract
Efficient N fertilizer management is critical for the economic production of rice and the long-term protection of environmental quality. A field experiment was designed to study the effects of N fertilizer management practices on grain yield and N uptake of rice. The experiment was laid out in the randomized complete block design with four replications in Central China during 2008 and 2009. Five N treatments denoted as N0, N150A, N150B, N240A, and N240B, respectively, were studied. N0 represented no N application and served as a control, N150A and N150B indicated the total N application of 150 kg N ha−1 but with two different application schedules (A and B) across the early stage of rice growth. Schedule A was applied as follows: 40% basal, 30% at 10 d after transplanting (DAT) and 30% at 36 DAT (nearly at the panicle initiation stage), while schedule B was as follows: 30% at basal, 20% at 10 DAT, and 50% at 36 DAT. Similarly, N240A and N240B indicated the total N application of 240 kg N ha−1 with schedules A and B as described above. To quantify N uptake from fertilizer and soil, a 15N experiment was also conducted within the main experimental field, with micro-plots. Grain yields were significantly increased as N rates increased from 0 to 240 kg N ha−1. At the same rate, splitting N application as schedule B significantly increased the grain yield, spikelets per panicle, percentage of ripened grain, and 1 000-grain weight, compared with the N application according to schedule A. Mean rice recovery of N fertilizer by 15N tracing method ranged from 25.39% at N240A to 34.89% at N150B, however, N fertilizer residual rate in the soil ranged from 12.40% at N240A to 16.61% at N150B. About 31.5 and 28.5% of total uptake of 15N derived from basal fertilizer was absorbed at panicle initiation and heading stages, respectively. However, 65.6-92.5% of total uptake of 15N derived from topdressing fertilizer was absorbed at the heading stage. Based on yield and nitrogen recovery efficiency, splitting N application according to schedule B at the rate of 240 kg N ha−1 will be more profitable among the tested five N treatments in Central China.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Rice grain yield rose as nitrogen application increased.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- N rates increased from 0 to 240 kg N ha−1e0
- Outcome
- Grain yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- 0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yields were significantly increased as N rates increased from 0 to 240 kg N ha−1.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Schedule B increased rice grain yield relative to schedule A.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- schedule Be0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- schedule Ae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the same rate, splitting N application as schedule B significantly increased the grain yield, spikelets per panicle, percentage of ripened grain, and 1 000-grain weight, compared with the N application according to schedule A.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Schedule B increased rice spikelets per panicle relative to schedule A.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- schedule Be0
- Outcome
- spikelets per paniclee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- schedule Ae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the same rate, splitting N application as schedule B significantly increased the grain yield, spikelets per panicle, percentage of ripened grain, and 1 000-grain weight, compared with the N application according to schedule A.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Schedule B increased rice percentage of ripened grain relative to schedule A.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- schedule Be0
- Outcome
- percentage of ripened graine0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- schedule Ae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the same rate, splitting N application as schedule B significantly increased the grain yield, spikelets per panicle, percentage of ripened grain, and 1 000-grain weight, compared with the N application according to schedule A.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Schedule B increased rice 1 000-grain weight relative to schedule A.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- schedule Be0
- Outcome
- 1 000-grain weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- schedule Ae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the same rate, splitting N application as schedule B significantly increased the grain yield, spikelets per panicle, percentage of ripened grain, and 1 000-grain weight, compared with the N application according to schedule A.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice nitrogen fertilizer recovery ranged from 25.39% at N240A to 34.89% at N150B.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- recovery of N fertilizere0
- Value
- 25.39% at N240A to 34.89% at N150Be0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mean rice recovery of N fertilizer by 15N tracing method ranged from 25.39% at N240A to 34.89% at N150B, however, N fertilizer residual rate in the soil ranged from 12.40% at N240A to 16.61% at N150B.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil residual nitrogen fertilizer ranged from 12.40% at N240A to 16.61% at N150B.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- N fertilizer residual rate in the soile0
- Value
- 12.40% at N240A to 16.61% at N150Be0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mean rice recovery of N fertilizer by 15N tracing method ranged from 25.39% at N240A to 34.89% at N150B, however, N fertilizer residual rate in the soil ranged from 12.40% at N240A to 16.61% at N150B.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice absorbed basal fertilizer nitrogen at panicle initiation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- panicle initiatione0
- Outcome
- total uptake of 15N derived from basal fertilizere0
- Value
- 31.5e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“About 31.5 and 28.5% of total uptake of 15N derived from basal fertilizer was absorbed at panicle initiation and heading stages, respectively.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice absorbed basal fertilizer nitrogen at heading.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- headinge0
- Outcome
- total uptake of 15N derived from basal fertilizere0
- Value
- 28.5%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“About 31.5 and 28.5% of total uptake of 15N derived from basal fertilizer was absorbed at panicle initiation and heading stages, respectively.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice absorbed 65.6-92.5% of topdressing fertilizer nitrogen at heading.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- heading stagee0
- Outcome
- total uptake of 15N derived from topdressing fertilizere0
- Value
- 65.6-92.5%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, 65.6-92.5% of total uptake of 15N derived from topdressing fertilizer was absorbed at the heading stage.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend schedule B at 240 kg N ha−1 as most profitable among tested treatments.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- splitting N application according to schedule B at the rate of 240 kg N ha−1e0
- Setting
- Central Chinae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Based on yield and nitrogen recovery efficiency, splitting N application according to schedule B at the rate of 240 kg N ha−1 will be more profitable among the tested five N treatments in Central China.”
t0“Rice”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
1,802 papers in the same direction as this paper · 193 in the opposite direction · 49 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- positive
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