Abstract
Manures are believed to be an effective treatment to reduce Al toxicity in acidic soils. A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of feedlot manure (FM) and poultry litter (PL) on soil Al status and wheat growth. Custer, an acid susceptible wheat cultivar ( Triticum aestivum L. var. Custer ) , was planted in a manure amended Teller (fine‐loamy, mixed, thermic Udic Argiustoll) fine sandy loam soil and relationships between soil pH, organic carbon (OC), and P added in the manure, 0.01 mol L −1 CaCl 2 extractable Al (Al CaCl2 ), 1.0 mol L −1 KCl exchangeable Al (Al KCl ), and wheat growth were investigated. An acidic surface soil was mixed with five levels of FM and PL and incubated for 30 d in an environmentally controlled growth chamber before wheat was planted. Wheat was grown for 35 d and harvested for aboveground dry matter. Both PL and FM increased soil pH, reduced Al CaCl2 and Al KCl , and increased wheat biomass. Wheat biomass was positively correlated with soil pH ( r = 0.76), OC added ( r = 0.63), and P 2 O 5 added ( r = 0.87) but was negatively correlated with Al CaCl2 ( r = −0.83) and Al KCl ( r = −0.87). Path analysis showed significant direct effects ( p < 0.01) between wheat growth and OC added and P 2 O 5 added. The direct effects of soil pH, Al CaCl2 , and Al KCl were not significant ( p > 0.05) but the indirect effects of OC added and P 2 O 5 added were important contributors to the correlations between wheat biomass and soil pH, Al CaCl2 , and Al KCl These two animal manures have the potential to reduce Al toxicity in acidic soils but need to be further evaluated at a field scale.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry litter increased soil pH and reduced extractable and exchangeable aluminum.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- PLe0
- Outcome
- soil pHe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both PL and FM increased soil pH, reduced Al CaCl2 and Al KCl , and increased wheat biomass”
e1“Custer, an acid susceptible wheat cultivar”
Claim · model-written summary
Feedlot manure increased soil pH and reduced soil aluminum.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- FMe0
- Outcome
- Al CaCl2 and Al KCle0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both PL and FM increased soil pH, reduced Al CaCl2 and Al KCl”
e1“Custer, an acid susceptible wheat cultivar”
Claim · model-written summary
Both manures increased wheat biomass.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- PL and FMe0
- Outcome
- wheat biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both PL and FM increased soil pH, reduced Al CaCl2 and Al KCl , and increased wheat biomass”
e1“Custer, an acid susceptible wheat cultivar”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat biomass correlated positively with soil pH.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- Wheat biomasse0
- Direction
- positively correlatede0
- Value
- r = 0.76e0
- Setting
- soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat biomass was positively correlated with soil pH ( r = 0.76)”
e1“Wheat biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat biomass correlated positively with organic carbon added.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- OC addede0
- Value
- r = 0.63e0
- Setting
- OC addede0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“OC added ( r = 0.63)”
e1“Custer, an acid susceptible wheat cultivar”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat biomass correlated positively with phosphorus added.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- P 2 O 5 addede0
- Value
- r = 0.87e0
- Setting
- P 2 O 5 addede0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P 2 O 5 added ( r = 0.87)”
e1“Custer, an acid susceptible wheat cultivar”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat biomass correlated negatively with extractable aluminum.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- Al CaCl2e0
- Direction
- negatively correlatede0
- Value
- r = −0.83e0
- Setting
- Al CaCl2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“negatively correlated with Al CaCl2 ( r = −0.83)”
e1“Custer, an acid susceptible wheat cultivar”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat biomass correlated negatively with exchangeable aluminum.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- Al KCle0
- Value
- r = −0.87e0
- Setting
- Al KCle0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Al KCl ( r = −0.87)”
e1“Custer, an acid susceptible wheat cultivar”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic carbon and phosphorus added had significant direct effects on wheat growth.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- wheat growthe0
- Value
- p < 0.01e0
- Setting
- OC added and P 2 O 5 addede0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant direct effects ( p < 0.01) between wheat growth and OC added and P 2 O 5 added”
e1“Custer, an acid susceptible wheat cultivar”
Claim · model-written summary
Direct effects of pH and aluminum measures were nonsignificant.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- direct effectse0
- Value
- p > 0.05e0
- Setting
- soil pHe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“direct effects of soil pH, Al CaCl2 , and Al KCl were not significant ( p > 0.05)”
e1“Custer, an acid susceptible wheat cultivar”
Claim · model-written summary
Indirect effects of carbon and phosphorus contributed to biomass correlations.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- correlations between wheat biomass and soil pHe0
- Setting
- OC added and P 2 O 5 addede0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“indirect effects of OC added and P 2 O 5 added were important contributors to the correlations between wheat biomass and soil pH, Al CaCl2 , and Al KCl”
e1“Custer, an acid susceptible wheat cultivar”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend further field evaluation of manures.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- further evaluated at a field scalee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These two animal manures have the potential to reduce Al toxicity in acidic soils but need to be further evaluated at a field scale”
e1“Custer, an acid susceptible wheat cultivar”
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See all 755 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.