Abstract
Abstract Manipulation of crop architecture through the use of chemical bioregulators suggests the potential to improve plant water use and production efficiency. A bioregulator, mepiquat chloride (1,1‐dimethyl piperidinium chloride), was evaluated in field grown cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) during 1979, 1980, and 1981 to determine effects on several plant water relations parameters and crop development in a semiarid environment. All experiments were conducted on an Olton loam soil (fine, mixed, thermic family of Aridic Paleustolls). A broadcast, foliar application was made at the rate of 50 g active ingredient (a.i.)/ha during the early square (young floral bud) Stage. Increases in leaf water potential (Ψw), solute potential (Ψw), and turgor pressure (Ψp) in mepiquat chloride treated plants were recorded during midmorning and at daily minimum Ψw. The earliest Ψw increase wass measured 12 days after application. Changes in Ψw ranged from no significant differences to a 0.63 MPa increase in treated plants, 77 days after application under a high soil water level. Increased Ψs and Ψp in treated plants occurred most frequently during the midmorning period and increases Of 0.20 MPa were measured. Improvements in plant water status were not restricted to low soil water availability and occurred across a range of control Ψw from −1.43 to −3.43 MPa. Increased abaxial transpiration rate, associated with decreased diffusive resistance, was measured in treated plants, particularly during the afternoon. No difference in seasonal soil water extraction was measured between treatments, even in tests in which leaf area index (LAI) was reduced 33% by mepiquat chloride application. Leaf area index reductions were attributable to both fewer leaves per plant and reduced leaf size. Differences in the growth parameters between treated and untreated plants were most evident when conditions for growth were optimum. A maximum decrease in plant height of 25 cm was measured 43 days after application in a high soil water level experiment. Reductions of one to two mainstem nodes were measured in treated plants. The number of bolls per plant throughout the season was not altered by mepiquat chloride application, and there were no differences in lint yield as a result of treatment.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Mepiquat chloride increased leaf water potential in treated cotton plants.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- mepiquat chloridee2
- Outcome
- leaf water potentiale1
- Direction
- Increasese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Modification of Cotton Water Relations”
e1“Increases in leaf water potential”
e2“in mepiquat chloride treated plants were recorded”
Claim · model-written summary
Mepiquat chloride increased solute potential and turgor pressure, by 0.20 MPa.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- mepiquat chloridee2
- Outcome
- Ψs and Ψpe3
- Direction
- Increasede3
- Value
- 0.20 MPae4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Modification of Cotton Water Relations”
e2“in mepiquat chloride treated plants were recorded”
e3“Increased Ψs and Ψp in treated plants occurred most frequently during the midmorning period”
e4“Of 0.20 MPa were measured”
Claim · model-written summary
Mepiquat chloride improved plant water status, not restricted to low soil water availability.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- mepiquat chloridee2
- Outcome
- plant water statuse5
- Direction
- Improvementse5
- Qualifier
- not restricted to low soil water availabilitye5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Modification of Cotton Water Relations”
e2“in mepiquat chloride treated plants were recorded”
e5“Improvements in plant water status were not restricted to low soil water availability”
Claim · model-written summary
Mepiquat chloride increased abaxial transpiration rate in treated cotton plants, particularly in the afternoon.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- mepiquat chloridee2
- Outcome
- abaxial transpiration ratee6
- Direction
- Increasede6
- Qualifier
- particularly during the afternoone6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Modification of Cotton Water Relations”
e2“in mepiquat chloride treated plants were recorded”
e6“Increased abaxial transpiration rate, associated with decreased diffusive resistance, was measured in treated plants, particularly during the afternoon”
Claim · model-written summary
Mepiquat chloride decreased diffusive resistance in treated cotton plants.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- mepiquat chloridee2
- Outcome
- diffusive resistancee6
- Direction
- decreasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Modification of Cotton Water Relations”
e2“in mepiquat chloride treated plants were recorded”
e6“Increased abaxial transpiration rate, associated with decreased diffusive resistance, was measured in treated plants, particularly during the afternoon”
Claim · model-written summary
Mepiquat chloride caused no difference in seasonal soil water extraction.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- mepiquat chloridee2
- Outcome
- seasonal soil water extractione7
- Direction
- No differencee7
- Comparator
- between treatmentse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Modification of Cotton Water Relations”
e2“in mepiquat chloride treated plants were recorded”
e7“No difference in seasonal soil water extraction was measured between treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Mepiquat chloride reduced leaf area index by 33%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- mepiquat chloridee1
- Outcome
- leaf area indexe1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 33%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Modification of Cotton Water Relations”
e1“even in tests in which leaf area index (LAI) was reduced 33% by mepiquat chloride application”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf area index reductions under mepiquat chloride were attributable to fewer leaves per plant and reduced leaf size.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- leaf area index reductionse1
- Qualifier
- fewer leaves per plant and reduced leaf sizee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Modification of Cotton Water Relations”
e1“Leaf area index reductions were attributable to both fewer leaves per plant and reduced leaf size”
Claim · model-written summary
Mepiquat chloride caused a maximum plant height decrease of 25 cm.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- mepiquat chloridee2
- Outcome
- plant heighte1
- Direction
- decreasee1
- Value
- 25 cme1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Modification of Cotton Water Relations”
e2“in mepiquat chloride treated plants were recorded”
e1“A maximum decrease in plant height of 25 cm was measured 43 days after application”
Claim · model-written summary
Mepiquat chloride reduced mainstem nodes by one to two in treated cotton plants.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- mepiquat chloridee2
- Outcome
- mainstem nodese1
- Direction
- Reductionse1
- Value
- one to twoe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Modification of Cotton Water Relations”
e2“in mepiquat chloride treated plants were recorded”
e1“Reductions of one to two mainstem nodes were measured in treated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Mepiquat chloride did not alter the number of bolls per plant.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- mepiquat chloridee1
- Outcome
- number of bolls per plante1
- Direction
- not alterede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Modification of Cotton Water Relations”
e1“The number of bolls per plant throughout the season was not altered by mepiquat chloride application”
Claim · model-written summary
Mepiquat chloride did not change lint yield.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- mepiquat chloridee2
- Outcome
- lint yielde1
- Direction
- no differencese1
- Comparator
- as a result of treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Modification of Cotton Water Relations”
e2“in mepiquat chloride treated plants were recorded”
e1“there were no differences in lint yield as a result of treatment”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.