Abstract
The effect of foliage sprayed zinc sulfate on berry development of Vitis vinifera cv. Merlot growing on arid zone Zn-deficient soils was investigated over two consecutive seasons, 2013 and 2014. Initial zinc concentration in soil and vines, photosynthesis at three berry developmental stages, berry weight, content of total soluble solids, titratable acidity, phenolics and expression of phenolics biosynthetic pathway genes throughout the stages were measured. Foliage sprayed zinc sulfate showed promoting effects on photosynthesis and berry development of vines and the promotion mainly occurred from veraison to maturation. Zn treatments enhanced the accumulation of total soluble solids, total phenols, flavonoids, flavanols, tannins and anthocyanins in berry skin, decreasing the concentration of titratable acidity. Furthermore, foliage sprayed zinc sulfate could significantly influence the expression of phenolics biosynthetic pathway genes throughout berry development, and the results of expression analysis supported the promotion of Zn treatments on phenolics accumulation. This research is the first comprehensive and detailed study about the effect of foliage sprayed Zn fertilizer on grape berry development, phenolics accumulation and gene expression in berry skin, providing a basis for improving the quality of grape and wine in Zn-deficient areas.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar-sprayed zinc sulfate promoted photosynthesis and berry development of Merlot vines, mainly from veraison to maturation.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera cv. Merlot
Vitis viniferae0 - Treatment
- Foliage sprayed zinc sulfatee1
- Outcome
- photosynthesis and berry developmente1
- Direction
- promoting effectse1
- Qualifier
- the promotion mainly occurred from veraison to maturatione2
- Setting
- arid zone Zn-deficient soilse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Vitis vinifera cv. Merlot growing on arid zone Zn-deficient soils”
e1“Foliage sprayed zinc sulfate showed promoting effects on photosynthesis and berry development of vines”
e2“the promotion mainly occurred from veraison to maturation”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn treatments enhanced the accumulation of total soluble solids, total phenols and flavonoids in Merlot berry skin.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera cv. MerlotVitis viniferae0
- Organ / stage
- berry skine3
- Treatment
- Zn treatmentse3
- Outcome
- total soluble solids, total phenols, flavonoidse3
- Direction
- enhancede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Vitis vinifera cv. Merlot growing on arid zone Zn-deficient soils”
e3“Zn treatments enhanced the accumulation of total soluble solids, total phenols, flavonoids, flavanols, tannins and anthocyanins in berry skin, decreasing the concentration of titratable acidity”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn treatments enhanced the accumulation of flavanols, tannins and anthocyanins in Merlot berry skin.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera cv. MerlotVitis viniferae0
- Organ / stage
- berry skine3
- Treatment
- Zn treatmentse3
- Outcome
- flavanols, tannins and anthocyaninse3
- Direction
- enhancede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Vitis vinifera cv. Merlot growing on arid zone Zn-deficient soils”
e3“Zn treatments enhanced the accumulation of total soluble solids, total phenols, flavonoids, flavanols, tannins and anthocyanins in berry skin, decreasing the concentration of titratable acidity”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn treatments decreased the titratable acidity of Merlot berries.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera cv. MerlotVitis viniferae0
- Treatment
- Zn treatmentse3
- Outcome
- titratable aciditye3
- Direction
- decreasinge3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Vitis vinifera cv. Merlot growing on arid zone Zn-deficient soils”
e3“Zn treatments enhanced the accumulation of total soluble solids, total phenols, flavonoids, flavanols, tannins and anthocyanins in berry skin, decreasing the concentration of titratable acidity”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar zinc sulfate could significantly influence the expression of phenolics biosynthetic pathway genes in Merlot berries throughout development.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera cv. MerlotVitis viniferae0
- Treatment
- foliage sprayed zinc sulfatee4
- Gene
- phenolics biosynthetic pathway genese4
- Outcome
- expression of phenolics biosynthetic pathway genese4
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Vitis vinifera cv. Merlot growing on arid zone Zn-deficient soils”
e4“foliage sprayed zinc sulfate could significantly influence the expression of phenolics biosynthetic pathway genes throughout berry development”
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