Abstract
Rhizoctonia root rot, caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG-8 and R. oryzae, is considered one of the main deterrents for farmers to adopt reduced-tillage systems in the Pacific Northwest. Because of the wide host range of Rhizoctonia spp., herbicide application before planting to control weeds and volunteer plants is the main management strategy for this disease. To determine the effect of timing of glyphosate applications on the severity of Rhizoctonia root rot of barley, field experiments were conducted in 2007, 2008, and 2009 in a field naturally infested with a high level of both R. solani and R. oryzae. Crop volunteer plants and weeds were allowed to grow over the winter and plots were sprayed with glyphosate at 42, 28, 14, 7, and 2 days prior to planting. As the herbicide application interval increased, there were significant increases in shoot length, length of the first true leaf, and number of healthy seminal roots and a decrease in disease severity. Yield and the number of seminal roots did not show a response to herbicide application interval in most years. The activity of R. solani, as measured by toothpick bioassay and real-time polymerase chain reaction, declined over time in all treatments after planting barley. The herbicide application interval required to meet 80 and 90% of the maximum response (asymptote) for all plant and disease measurements ranged from 11 to 27 days and 13 to 37 days, respectively. These times are the minimum herbicide application intervals required to reduce disease severity in the following crop.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
As the glyphosate application interval before planting increased, shoot length, length of the first true leaf and number of healthy seminal roots of barley increased significantly.
- Taxon
- Barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaret0 - Treatment
- herbicide application intervale0
- Outcome
- shoot length, length of the first true leaf, and number of healthy seminal rootse0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“As the herbicide application interval increased, there were significant increases in shoot length, length of the first true leaf, and number of healthy seminal roots and a decrease in disease severity”
t0“Rhizoctonia Root Rot in Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
As the glyphosate application interval before planting increased, Rhizoctonia disease severity decreased significantly.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- herbicide application intervale0
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia
.jpg?width=60)
Rhizoctoniat0pathogen - Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“As the herbicide application interval increased, there were significant increases in shoot length, length of the first true leaf, and number of healthy seminal roots and a decrease in disease severity”
t0“Rhizoctonia Root Rot in Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield and the number of seminal roots did not respond to herbicide application interval in most years.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- herbicide application intervale0
- Outcome
- Yield and the number of seminal rootse0
- Direction
- did not show a responsee0
- Qualifier
- in most yearse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield and the number of seminal roots did not show a response to herbicide application interval in most years”
t0“Rhizoctonia Root Rot in Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
The activity of R. solani, measured by toothpick bioassay and real-time PCR, declined over time in all treatments after planting barley.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Interactor
- R. solani
Rhizoctonia solanie0pathogen - Outcome
- activity of R. solanie0
- Direction
- declinede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The activity of R. solani, as measured by toothpick bioassay and real-time polymerase chain reaction, declined over time in all treatments after planting barley”
t0“Rhizoctonia Root Rot in Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
The herbicide application interval required to reach 80% of the maximum response for all plant and disease measurements ranged from 11 to 27 days.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- herbicide application interval requirede0
- Value
- 11 to 27 dayse0
- Qualifier
- 80 and 90% of the maximum response (asymptote)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The herbicide application interval required to meet 80 and 90% of the maximum response (asymptote) for all plant and disease measurements ranged from 11 to 27 days and 13 to 37 days, respectively”
t0“Rhizoctonia Root Rot in Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
The herbicide application interval required to reach 90% of the maximum response for all plant and disease measurements ranged from 13 to 37 days.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- herbicide application interval requirede0
- Value
- 13 to 37 dayse0
- Qualifier
- 80 and 90% of the maximum response (asymptote)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The herbicide application interval required to meet 80 and 90% of the maximum response (asymptote) for all plant and disease measurements ranged from 11 to 27 days and 13 to 37 days, respectively”
t0“Rhizoctonia Root Rot in Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
These intervals are the minimum glyphosate application intervals required to reduce disease severity in the following barley crop.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- minimum herbicide application intervals required to reduce disease severitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These times are the minimum herbicide application intervals required to reduce disease severity in the following crop”
t0“Rhizoctonia Root Rot in Barley”
The same questions in other papers
herbicide · yield · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Results differ
18 papers in the same direction as this paper · 42 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
57 papers more in this group
See all 61 papers →herbicide · Rhizoctonia · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
herbicide · growth · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 14 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- no effect
18 papers more in this group
See all 22 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.