Abstract
Heavy use of N fertilizers delays plant senescence in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and results in slow grain filling and a low harvest index. This study investigated whether senescence is enhanced by a controlled soil drying during the late grain‐filling stage and whether such an enhancement can lead to better remobilization of reserved C to the grains. Two wheat cultivars were raised in pots and one was grown in the field. Two levels of nitrogen, either normal (NN) or high (HN) amounts, were applied at heading. Controlled soil drying was imposed 9 d after anthesis until maturity. Leaf water potential and conductance for the soil‐drying treatments were lower during the day but completely recovered by the early morning. Photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content in the flag leaves declined more quickly in the soil‐drying treatments than in the well‐watered ones, indicating that soil drying enhanced senescence. Nonstructural carbohydrate in the stem and sheath at maturity was greatly reduced, and the partitioning of fixed C from flag leaves into the grains and the final harvest index were significantly increased by soil drying under both nitrogen treatments for the three cultivars. Soil drying shortened the grain‐filling period but grain‐filling rate was substantially increased by all the soil drying treatments except one NN treatment with severe soil drying in the pot experiment. Soil drying actually increased the grain yield at HN in both experiments. We conclude that senescence induced by controlled soil drying during grain filling can promote the remobilization of prestored assimilates to the grains, accelerate grain filling, and improve yield in cases where senescence is unfavorably delayed by heavy use of nitrogen.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Soil drying lowered daytime leaf water potential and conductance, followed by early-morning recovery.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- soil‐drying treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Leaf water potential and conductancee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- completely recovered by the early morninge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf water potential and conductance for the soil‐drying treatments were lower during the day but completely recovered by the early morning”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil drying accelerated declines in flag-leaf photosynthesis and chlorophyll.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- flag leavese0
- Treatment
- soil‐drying treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- declined more quicklye0
- Comparator
- well‐watered onese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content in the flag leaves declined more quickly in the soil‐drying treatments than in the well‐watered ones”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil drying enhanced senescence.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- soil dryinge0
- Outcome
- senescencee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil drying enhanced senescence”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil drying reduced stem and sheath nonstructural carbohydrate at maturity.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- stem and sheathe0
- Treatment
- soil dryinge1
- Outcome
- Nonstructural carbohydratee0
- Direction
- greatly reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nonstructural carbohydrate in the stem and sheath at maturity was greatly reduced”
t0“Wheat”
e1“by soil drying under both nitrogen treatments for the three cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil drying increased fixed-carbon partitioning from flag leaves into grains.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- soil dryinge0
- Outcome
- partitioning of fixed C from flag leaves into the grainse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- under both nitrogen treatments for the three cultivarse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the partitioning of fixed C from flag leaves into the grains and the final harvest index were significantly increased by soil drying under both nitrogen treatments for the three cultivars”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil drying increased final harvest index.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- soil dryinge0
- Outcome
- final harvest indexe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the final harvest index were significantly increased by soil drying under both nitrogen treatments for the three cultivars”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil drying shortened grain-filling period.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Soil dryinge0
- Outcome
- grain‐filling periode0
- Direction
- shortenede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil drying shortened the grain‐filling period”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil drying increased grain-filling rate except for one severe drying treatment under normal nitrogen in pots.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- soil drying treatmentse0
- Outcome
- grain‐filling ratee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- except one NN treatment with severe soil drying in the pot experimente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain‐filling rate was substantially increased by all the soil drying treatments except one NN treatment with severe soil drying in the pot experiment”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil drying increased grain yield under high nitrogen in both experiments.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Soil dryinge0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- at HN in both experimentse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil drying actually increased the grain yield at HN in both experiments”
t0“Wheat”
The same questions in other papers
processing · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
24 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
31 papers more in this group
See all 35 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.