Abstract
ABSTRACT Cool and wet soils at the time of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] planting in the northern Great Plains may reduce early crop growth and retard nitrogen (N) fixation. Application of N as starter fertilizer may increase initial growth of soybean, but may also negatively impact N fixation when environmental conditions improve. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of low rates of N applied at planting on soybean N fixation and crop growth in the northern Great Plains. A field experiment (2000–2002) was established within a two-year corn [Zea mays (L.)] soybean rotation using a split-plot design with four replications. Whole plots were no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) and the split plots were starter fertilizer (two sources × four rates) treatments. Nitrogen sources were either ammonium nitrate (AN) or urea (UR) each applied at 0, 8, 16, and 24 kg N ha−1. Biomass in both 2000 and 2001 growing seasons increased significantly with increasing N rate at both growth stages (R1 and R7) and at the R1 stage in 2002. Ureide concentration and relative ureide decreased with increasing N rate at the R1 stage in all years, indicating a decrease in N fixation up to that point in crop development. This decrease in N fixation was not present at the R7 stage, but the significant increase in plant growth including yield was still present, indicating possibly that starter fertilizer can positively impact soybean production in the cool environmental conditions of the northern Great Plains. However, the positive impact on plant growth and yield is dependent on in-season environmental conditions and time of planting.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean biomass increased significantly with increasing N rate at R1 and R7 in 2000 and 2001, and at R1 in 2002.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- increasing N ratee0
- Outcome
- Biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Biomass in both 2000 and 2001 growing seasons increased significantly with increasing N rate at both growth stages (R1 and R7) and at the R1 stage in 2002”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Ureide concentration and relative ureide decreased with increasing N rate at the R1 stage in all years.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- increasing N ratee0
- Outcome
- Ureide concentration and relative ureidee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ureide concentration and relative ureide decreased with increasing N rate at the R1 stage in all years”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors interpret the ureide decline as a decrease in N fixation up to R1.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- N fixatione0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“indicating a decrease in N fixation up to that point in crop development”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The decrease in N fixation was not present at the R7 stage.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- N fixatione0
- Direction
- not presente0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This decrease in N fixation was not present at the R7 stage”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
A significant increase in plant growth including yield was still present at R7.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- plant growth including yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the significant increase in plant growth including yield was still present”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Starter fertilizer can positively impact soybean production in the cool conditions of the northern Great Plains.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- soybean productione0
- Setting
- northern Great Plainse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“starter fertilizer can positively impact soybean production in the cool environmental conditions of the northern Great Plains”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The positive impact on plant growth and yield depends on in-season environmental conditions and time of planting.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- time of plantinge0
- Outcome
- positive impact on plant growth and yielde0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the positive impact on plant growth and yield is dependent on in-season environmental conditions and time of planting”
t0“Soybean”
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