Abstract
Artichoke is known as a valuable vegetable (for its eaten buds), popular in the countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea, in the USA and South America, or medicine with documented hepatoprotective, choleretic, antioxidative, anticancerogenic, cholesterol-reducing and diuretic action. When it is cultivated for pharmaceutical purposes artichoke should be obtained from one-year-old plantations, characterized by high amount of active substances (CQA and flavonoids). The objective of three year field study was to evaluate the effects of different methods of plantation establishment: direct seed sowing, seedlings produced in multicells transplanting, seedlings with ‘bare roots’ from nursery beds transplanting as well as plant densities: 3.3 and 4.2 units·m-2 in artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) cv. Green Globe culture. Additionally, quality of raw material obtained in two following cuts (performed in August and October) was estimated. Generally, traditional method of plantation establishment by direct seed sowing results in lower yields of worse quality of artichoke raw material (characterized by significantly lower active substances content), while, seedlings produced previously in multicell trays in plastic tunnel transplantation could be indicated as better method of artichoke plantation establishment for pharmaceutical purposes. A decrease of artichoke yields and dimensions but at the same time tendency to significant improve its quality (on an average two times higher content of flavonoids and CQA in comparison to direct seed sowing) was noted when seedlings transplantation from plastic tunnel (with ‘bare roots’) was used as method of plantation establishment. Increasing plant density of 3.3 to 4.2 units·m-2 caused a decrease of size and weight (by 13,4%) of individual plant leaves, and at the same time an increase of their numbers, and total yields harvested from the unit area (by 0.2 t·ha-1). Moreover, during the second cut significantly higher (by 27%) yields of better quality artichoke leaves (characterized by higher flawonoid and caffeoylquinic acids content) were obtained.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Direct seed sowing produced lower artichoke yields.
- Taxon
- ARTICHOKE
Cynara cardunculus var. scolymust0 - Treatment
- direct seed sowinge0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“direct seed sowing results in lower yields of worse quality of artichoke raw material”
t0“ARTICHOKE (Cynara scolymus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Direct seed sowing produced poorer quality raw material with significantly lower active substances content.
- Taxon
- ARTICHOKECynara cardunculus var. scolymust0
- Treatment
- direct seed sowinge0
- Outcome
- active substances contente0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“direct seed sowing results in lower yields of worse quality of artichoke raw material (characterized by significantly lower active substances content)”
t0“ARTICHOKE (Cynara scolymus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Transplanting seedlings from multicell trays in a plastic tunnel was recommended for pharmaceutical artichoke cultivation.
- Taxon
- ARTICHOKECynara cardunculus var. scolymust0
- Outcome
- better method of artichoke plantation establishment for pharmaceutical purposese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seedlings produced previously in multicell trays in plastic tunnel transplantation could be indicated as better method of artichoke plantation establishment for pharmaceutical purposes”
t0“ARTICHOKE (Cynara scolymus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Transplanting bare-root seedlings from a plastic tunnel decreased artichoke yields and dimensions.
- Taxon
- artichokeCynara cardunculus var. scolymuse0
- Treatment
- seedlings transplantation from plastic tunnel (with ‘bare roots’)e0
- Outcome
- artichoke yields and dimensionse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A decrease of artichoke yields and dimensions but at the same time tendency to significant improve its quality (on an average two times higher content of flavonoids and CQA in comparison to direct seed sowing) was noted when seedlings transplantation from plastic tunnel (with ‘bare roots’) was used as method of plantation establishment”
Claim · model-written summary
Bare-root transplanting tended to improve flavonoid content to an average of twice that with direct seed sowing.
- Taxon
- ARTICHOKECynara cardunculus var. scolymust0
- Treatment
- seedlings transplantation from plastic tunnel (with ‘bare roots’)e0
- Outcome
- content of flavonoidse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- two timese0
- Comparator
- direct seed sowinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tendency to significant improve its quality (on an average two times higher content of flavonoids and CQA in comparison to direct seed sowing) was noted when seedlings transplantation from plastic tunnel (with ‘bare roots’) was used as method of plantation establishment”
t0“ARTICHOKE (Cynara scolymus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bare-root transplanting tended to improve CQA content to an average of twice that with direct seed sowing.
- Taxon
- ARTICHOKECynara cardunculus var. scolymust0
- Treatment
- seedlings transplantation from plastic tunnel (with ‘bare roots’)e0
- Outcome
- content of flavonoids and CQAe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- two timese0
- Comparator
- direct seed sowinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tendency to significant improve its quality (on an average two times higher content of flavonoids and CQA in comparison to direct seed sowing) was noted when seedlings transplantation from plastic tunnel (with ‘bare roots’) was used as method of plantation establishment”
t0“ARTICHOKE (Cynara scolymus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing density from 3.3 to 4.2 units·m-2 reduced individual leaf size and weight by 13,4%.
- Taxon
- ARTICHOKECynara cardunculus var. scolymust0
- Treatment
- Increasing plant density of 3.3 to 4.2 units·m-2e0
- Outcome
- size and weighte0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 13,4%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing plant density of 3.3 to 4.2 units·m-2 caused a decrease of size and weight (by 13,4%) of individual plant leaves”
t0“ARTICHOKE (Cynara scolymus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing plant density increased the number of leaves.
- Taxon
- ARTICHOKECynara cardunculus var. scolymust0
- Treatment
- Increasing plant density of 3.3 to 4.2 units·m-2e0
- Outcome
- their numberse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing plant density of 3.3 to 4.2 units·m-2 caused a decrease of size and weight (by 13,4%) of individual plant leaves, and at the same time an increase of their numbers”
t0“ARTICHOKE (Cynara scolymus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing plant density raised yield per unit area by 0.2 t·ha-1.
- Taxon
- ARTICHOKECynara cardunculus var. scolymust0
- Treatment
- Increasing plant density of 3.3 to 4.2 units·m-2e0
- Outcome
- total yields harvested from the unit areae0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 0.2 t·ha-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing plant density of 3.3 to 4.2 units·m-2 caused a decrease of size and weight (by 13,4%) of individual plant leaves, and at the same time an increase of their numbers, and total yields harvested from the unit area (by 0.2 t·ha-1)”
t0“ARTICHOKE (Cynara scolymus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The second cut gave significantly higher leaf yields by 27%.
- Taxon
- artichokeCynara cardunculus var. scolymuse0
- Treatment
- second cute0
- Outcome
- yields of better quality artichoke leavese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 27%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“during the second cut significantly higher (by 27%) yields of better quality artichoke leaves”
t0“ARTICHOKE (Cynara scolymus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The second cut produced artichoke leaves with higher flavonoid content.
- Taxon
- artichokeCynara cardunculus var. scolymuse0
- Treatment
- second cute0
- Outcome
- flawonoide0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“during the second cut significantly higher (by 27%) yields of better quality artichoke leaves (characterized by higher flawonoid and caffeoylquinic acids content) were obtained”
Claim · model-written summary
The second cut produced artichoke leaves with higher caffeoylquinic acids content.
- Taxon
- artichokeCynara cardunculus var. scolymuse0
- Treatment
- second cute0
- Outcome
- caffeoylquinic acids contente0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“during the second cut significantly higher (by 27%) yields of better quality artichoke leaves (characterized by higher flawonoid and caffeoylquinic acids content) were obtained”
The same questions in other papers
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transplanting · quality: phytochemicals · Cynara cardunculus (cardoon)Positive and negative results
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transplanting · yield · Cynara cardunculus (cardoon)Positive and negative results
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See all 8 papers →density · yield · Cynara cardunculus (cardoon)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.