Abstract
Berries and seeds of two subspecies (ssp. sinensis and mongolica) of sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides L.) were compared in terms of triacylglycerols, glycerophospholipids, tocopherols, and tocotrienols. The berries of ssp. mongolica contained less oleic acid (4.6 vs 20.2%, p < 0.001) and more palmitic (33.9 vs 27.4%, p < 0.01) and palmitoleic (32.8 vs 21.9%, p < 0.05) acids in triacylglycerols than those of ssp. sinensis. The proportions of linoleic acid (32.1 vs 22.2%, p < 0.01, in berries; 47.7 vs 42.7%, p < 0.05, in seeds) and palmitic acid (21.1 vs 16.4%, p < 0.001, in berries; 17.0 vs 14.1%, p < 0.05, in seeds) in glycerolphospholipids were higher in ssp. mongolica than in ssp. sinensis, and vice versa with oleic acid (4.3 vs 18.5% in berries, 10.0 vs 22.2% in seeds, p < 0.001). A higher proportion of alpha-linolenic acid was also found in the glycerophospholipids of ssp. sinensis berries (16.2 vs 10.1%, p < 0.001). alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherols constituted 93-98% of total tocopherols and tocotrienols in seeds, and alpha-tocopherol alone constituted 76-89% in berries. The total contents of tocopherols and tocotrienols varied within the ranges of 84-318 and 56-140 mg kg(-1) in seeds and whole berries, respectively. The seeds of ssp. mongolica were a better source of tocopherols and tocotrienols than those of ssp. sinensis (287 vs 122 mg kg(-1), p < 0.001). The compositional differences between the two subspecies should be considered when the berries are bred and exploited for nutritional purposes.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Mongolica berries had less oleic acid in triacylglycerols than sinensis berries.
- Taxon
- Sea Buckthorn
.jpg?width=60)
Hippophae rhamnoidest0 - Material
- ssp. mongolicae0
- Organ / stage
- berriese0
- Outcome
- oleic acide0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- 4.6e0
- Qualifier
- 20.2%e0
- Comparator
- ssp. sinensise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Sea Buckthorn”
e0“The berries of ssp. mongolica contained less oleic acid (4.6 vs 20.2%, p < 0.001) and more palmitic (33.9 vs 27.4%, p < 0.01) and palmitoleic (32.8 vs 21.9%, p < 0.05) acids in triacylglycerols than those of ssp. sinensis.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mongolica berries had more palmitic acid in triacylglycerols.
- Taxon
- Sea BuckthornHippophae rhamnoidest0
- Material
- ssp. mongolicae1
- Outcome
- palmitice0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 33.9e0
- Qualifier
- 27.4%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sea Buckthorn”
e0“more palmitic (33.9 vs 27.4%, p < 0.01)”
e1“The berries of ssp. mongolica contained less oleic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Mongolica berries had more palmitoleic acid in triacylglycerols.
- Taxon
- Sea BuckthornHippophae rhamnoidest0
- Material
- ssp. mongolicae1
- Outcome
- palmitoleice0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 32.8e0
- Qualifier
- 21.9%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sea Buckthorn”
e0“more palmitic (33.9 vs 27.4%, p < 0.01) and palmitoleic (32.8 vs 21.9%, p < 0.05) acids in triacylglycerols”
e1“The berries of ssp. mongolica contained less oleic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Mongolica berry phospholipids had more linoleic acid.
- Taxon
- Sea BuckthornHippophae rhamnoidest0
- Organ / stage
- berriese0
- Outcome
- linoleic acide0
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
- Value
- 32.1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sea Buckthorn”
e0“linoleic acid (32.1 vs 22.2%, p < 0.01, in berries; 47.7 vs 42.7%, p < 0.05, in seeds)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mongolica seed phospholipids had more linoleic acid.
- Taxon
- Sea BuckthornHippophae rhamnoidest0
- Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Outcome
- linoleic acide0
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
- Value
- 47.7e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sea Buckthorn”
e0“linoleic acid (32.1 vs 22.2%, p < 0.01, in berries; 47.7 vs 42.7%, p < 0.05, in seeds)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mongolica berry phospholipids had more palmitic acid.
- Taxon
- Sea BuckthornHippophae rhamnoidest0
- Organ / stage
- berriese0
- Outcome
- palmitic acide0
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
- Value
- 21.1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sea Buckthorn”
e0“palmitic acid (21.1 vs 16.4%, p < 0.001, in berries; 17.0 vs 14.1%, p < 0.05, in seeds)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mongolica seed phospholipids had more palmitic acid.
- Taxon
- Sea BuckthornHippophae rhamnoidest0
- Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Outcome
- palmitic acide0
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
- Value
- 17.0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sea Buckthorn”
e0“palmitic acid (21.1 vs 16.4%, p < 0.001, in berries; 17.0 vs 14.1%, p < 0.05, in seeds)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sinensis berry phospholipids had more oleic acid.
- Taxon
- Sea BuckthornHippophae rhamnoidest0
- Organ / stage
- berriese0
- Outcome
- oleic acide0
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
- Value
- 18.5%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sea Buckthorn”
e0“oleic acid (4.3 vs 18.5% in berries, 10.0 vs 22.2% in seeds, p < 0.001)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sinensis seed phospholipids had more oleic acid.
- Taxon
- Sea BuckthornHippophae rhamnoidest0
- Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Outcome
- oleic acide0
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
- Value
- 22.2%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sea Buckthorn”
e0“oleic acid (4.3 vs 18.5% in berries, 10.0 vs 22.2% in seeds, p < 0.001)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sinensis berry phospholipids had more alpha-linolenic acid.
- Taxon
- Sea BuckthornHippophae rhamnoidest0
- Material
- ssp. sinensise0
- Organ / stage
- berriese0
- Outcome
- alpha-linolenic acide0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 16.2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sea Buckthorn”
e0“A higher proportion of alpha-linolenic acid was also found in the glycerophospholipids of ssp. sinensis berries (16.2 vs 10.1%, p < 0.001).”
Claim · model-written summary
Four tocopherols made up 93-98% of seed tocopherols and tocotrienols.
- Taxon
- Sea BuckthornHippophae rhamnoidest0
- Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Outcome
- alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherolse0
- Value
- 93-98%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sea Buckthorn”
e0“alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherols constituted 93-98% of total tocopherols and tocotrienols in seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Alpha-tocopherol made up 76-89% of berry tocopherols and tocotrienols.
- Taxon
- Sea BuckthornHippophae rhamnoidest0
- Organ / stage
- berriese0
- Outcome
- alpha-tocopherole0
- Value
- 76-89%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sea Buckthorn”
e0“alpha-tocopherol alone constituted 76-89% in berries.”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed tocopherol and tocotrienol content ranged from 84 to 318 mg per kg.
- Taxon
- Sea BuckthornHippophae rhamnoidest0
- Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Outcome
- total contents of tocopherols and tocotrienolse0
- Value
- 84-318e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sea Buckthorn”
e0“The total contents of tocopherols and tocotrienols varied within the ranges of 84-318 and 56-140 mg kg(-1) in seeds and whole berries, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Whole-berry tocopherol and tocotrienol content ranged from 56 to 140 mg per kg.
- Taxon
- Sea BuckthornHippophae rhamnoidest0
- Organ / stage
- whole berriese0
- Outcome
- total contents of tocopherols and tocotrienolse0
- Value
- 56-140 mg kg(-1)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sea Buckthorn”
e0“The total contents of tocopherols and tocotrienols varied within the ranges of 84-318 and 56-140 mg kg(-1) in seeds and whole berries, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mongolica seeds contained more tocopherols and tocotrienols than sinensis seeds.
- Taxon
- Sea BuckthornHippophae rhamnoidest0
- Material
- ssp. mongolicae0
- Outcome
- tocopherols and tocotrienolse0
- Direction
- better sourcee0
- Value
- 287e0
- Qualifier
- 122 mg kg(-1)e0
- Comparator
- ssp. sinensise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sea Buckthorn”
e0“The seeds of ssp. mongolica were a better source of tocopherols and tocotrienols than those of ssp. sinensis (287 vs 122 mg kg(-1), p < 0.001).”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors advise considering subspecies composition when breeding and using the berries.
- Taxon
- Sea BuckthornHippophae rhamnoidest0
- Organ / stage
- berriese0
- Outcome
- compositional differences between the two subspecies should be considerede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sea Buckthorn”
e0“The compositional differences between the two subspecies should be considered when the berries are bred and exploited for nutritional purposes.”