Abstract
We sought to establish the most effective combination of planting dates with insecticide spraying regimes for the management of insect pests of cowpea in the savannas of northeast Nigeria. The results after 3 sprays, made once each at the bud initiation, flowering, and podding stages, did not differ significantly from those after 2 sprays, made once each at flowering and podding, in terms of reducing insect pest population and increasing grain yield. Despite the reduction in insect infestation, delaying planting beyond mid-August reduced cowpea grain yield by 12.3%, on average. The yield of the medium-maturing variety IT89KD-391 was significantly higher when planted in mid-August and sprayed twice than when planted on the earlier or later dates. The yield of the indeterminate late-maturing variety ITKD89-288 was higher when planted in early August and sprayed thrice. Early- and medium-maturing cowpea varieties should therefore be planted in mid-August and sprayed twice. Late-maturing indeterminate varieties should be planted in early August and sprayed thrice.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Three sprays and two sprays did not differ significantly in reducing insect pest populations.
- Taxon
- cowpea
Vigna unguiculatat0 - Treatment
- 3 sprayse0
- Interactor
- insect peste0pest
- Outcome
- insect pest populatione0
- Direction
- did not differ significantlye0
- Comparator
- 2 sprayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“The results after 3 sprays, made once each at the bud initiation, flowering, and podding stages, did not differ significantly from those after 2 sprays, made once each at flowering and podding, in terms of reducing insect pest population and increasing grain yield.”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Three sprays and two sprays did not differ significantly in increasing cowpea grain yield.
- Taxon
- cowpea
Vigna unguiculatat0 - Treatment
- 3 sprayse0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- did not differ significantlye0
- Comparator
- 2 sprayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“The results after 3 sprays, made once each at the bud initiation, flowering, and podding stages, did not differ significantly from those after 2 sprays, made once each at flowering and podding, in terms of reducing insect pest population and increasing grain yield.”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Planting after mid-August reduced cowpea grain yield by 12.3% on average.
- Taxon
- cowpea
Vigna unguiculatae0 - Treatment
- delaying planting beyond mid-Auguste0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 12.3%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“delaying planting beyond mid-August reduced cowpea grain yield by 12.3%, on average.”
Claim · model-written summary
IT89KD-391 yielded significantly more when planted in mid-August and sprayed twice than on earlier or later dates.
- Taxon
- cowpea
Vigna unguiculatat0 - Material
- IT89KD-391e0
- Treatment
- planted in mid-August and sprayed twicee0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- earlier or later datese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“The yield of the medium-maturing variety IT89KD-391 was significantly higher when planted in mid-August and sprayed twice than when planted on the earlier or later dates.”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
ITKD89-288 yielded more when planted in early August and sprayed three times.
- Taxon
- cowpea
Vigna unguiculatat0 - Material
- ITKD89-288e0
- Treatment
- planted in early August and sprayed thricee0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“The yield of the indeterminate late-maturing variety ITKD89-288 was higher when planted in early August and sprayed thrice.”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Early and medium maturing cowpea varieties should be planted in mid-August and sprayed twice.
- Taxon
- cowpea
Vigna unguiculatae0 - Outcome
- planted in mid-August and sprayed twicee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“Early- and medium-maturing cowpea varieties should therefore be planted in mid-August and sprayed twice.”
Claim · model-written summary
Late maturing indeterminate cowpea varieties should be planted in early August and sprayed three times.
- Taxon
- cowpea
Vigna unguiculatat0 - Outcome
- planted in early August and sprayed thricee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“Late-maturing indeterminate varieties should be planted in early August and sprayed thrice.”
t0“cowpea”
The same questions in other papers
application · pest · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 16 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
15 papers more in this group
See all 19 papers →sowing time · yield · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results
17 papers in the same direction as this paper · 13 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
27 papers more in this group
See all 31 papers →application · yield · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results
111 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- positive
- positive
122 papers more in this group
See all 126 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.