Abstract
Yellow leaf spot is a wide spread diseases of soft and hard wheat. Numerous publications and the authors' own research show that its epiphytotics occur in different countries (Australia, Canada, USA, India, England, Belgium, Romania, Czech Republic, Kazakhstan) with crop losses reaching 65 %. In Russia the disease is most common in the North Caucasus. Development and application of new high-performance environmentally friendly biological products is regarded as one of the most effective biologized approach to wheat protection against the disease. In searching potential bacterial agents for use as protective means, their in vitro antagonistic activity should be accompanied by the ability to provide effective protection for seeds and seedlings. Herein we studied the repression of yellow spot development during early stages of plant vegetation in a greenhouse as influenced by the bacterial strains which were in vitro antagonistic to P. tritici-repentis (Died.) Drechsler. Winter wheat cultivar Bat'ko susceptible to the pathogen was used as test plant. Six isolates of the Bacillus family (Bacillus sp. BZR 18, B. subtilis BZR 336 s, B. subtilis BZR 336 g, B. subtilis BZR 436, B. subtilis BZR 517, B. licheniformis BZR 59), as well as Ochrobactrum sp. BZR 417 from the collection of All-Russian Research Institute of Biological Plant Protection were used as candidate bio agents. For comparison, liquid Fitosporin-M was used as a biological preparation (LLC Scientific Innovation Enterprise BashInkom, Russia) and Prozaro emulsion concentrate was used as a chemical fungicide (Bayer CropScience, Germany). Liquid cultures of antagonistic bacterial strains were applied in three modes, namely before inoculation (prophylactic treatment), at early signs of the disease (on the day 3 after inoculation) and by their combination. All treatments were performed with inlaying and without inlaying grain with liquid bacterial culture. All studied bacterial strains except Ochrobactrum sp. BZR 417 showed considerable biological efficacy of leaf spot inhibition. The Bacillus sp. BZR 18 and B. subtilis BZR 517 were the most inhibiting strains which repressed leaf spot development at 68.5 to 83.0 % and 55.6 to 64.0 % rate, respectively, in all variants except treatment at early signs of the infection without inlaying grains when the efficiency was 26.8 and 35.9 %, respectively. B. licheniformis BZR 59 provided for 52.6 to 68.9 % leaf spot inhibition. Liquid culture of B. subtilis BZR 336 g strain ensured efficiency from 51.5 to 58.3 % in all variants except a preventive treatment without inlaying grain when the efficiency was 40.9 %. B. subtilis BZR 336 s, if used at early signs of infection with inlaying grain and in combination of prophylactic treatment with application at early signs of infection and inlaying grain, caused 60.2 and 60.3 % leaf spot repression; in other cases a 14.7 to 44.3 % repression was observed. BZR 436 B. subtilis effectiveness was from 28.4 % under preventive treatment with preliminary grain inlaying to 73.4 % under preventive treatment together with application at early signs of infection and inlaying grain. The efficiency of Ochrobactrum sp. BZR 417 strain does not exceed 45.4 % in all variants. Depending on antifungal activity of the bacterial agent, a combination of grain pre-treatment, prophylactic treatment and treatment at early signs of infection proved to be the most effective.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus sp. BZR 18 repressed leaf spot development by 68.5 to 83.0%.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- Bacillus sp. BZR 18e3
- Interactor
- P. tritici-repentis
Pyrenophora tritici-repentise2pathogen - Second interactor
- Bacillus sp. BZR 18e3biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- leaf spot developmente3
- Direction
- repressede3
- Value
- 68.5 to 83.0 %e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Winter wheat cultivar Bat'ko susceptible to the pathogen was used as test plant”
e2“in vitro antagonistic to P. tritici-repentis (Died.) Drechsler”
e3“The Bacillus sp. BZR 18 and B. subtilis BZR 517 were the most inhibiting strains which repressed leaf spot development at 68.5 to 83.0 % and 55.6 to 64.0 % rate, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus subtilis BZR 517 repressed leaf spot development by 55.6 to 64.0%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- B. subtilis BZR 517e3
- Interactor
- P. tritici-repentisPyrenophora tritici-repentise2pathogen
- Second interactor
- B. subtilis BZR 517
Bacillus subtilise3biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- leaf spot developmente3
- Direction
- repressede3
- Value
- 55.6 to 64.0 %e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Winter wheat cultivar Bat'ko susceptible to the pathogen was used as test plant”
e2“in vitro antagonistic to P. tritici-repentis (Died.) Drechsler”
e3“The Bacillus sp. BZR 18 and B. subtilis BZR 517 were the most inhibiting strains which repressed leaf spot development at 68.5 to 83.0 % and 55.6 to 64.0 % rate, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus sp. BZR 18 repressed leaf spot by 26.8% when applied at early signs of infection without grain inlaying.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- treatment at early signs of the infection without inlaying grainse4
- Interactor
- P. tritici-repentisPyrenophora tritici-repentise2pathogen
- Second interactor
- Bacillus sp. BZR 18e3biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- leaf spot developmente3
- Direction
- repressede3
- Value
- 26.8e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Winter wheat cultivar Bat'ko susceptible to the pathogen was used as test plant”
e2“in vitro antagonistic to P. tritici-repentis (Died.) Drechsler”
e3“The Bacillus sp. BZR 18 and B. subtilis BZR 517 were the most inhibiting strains which repressed leaf spot development at 68.5 to 83.0 % and 55.6 to 64.0 % rate, respectively”
e4“in all variants except treatment at early signs of the infection without inlaying grains when the efficiency was 26.8 and 35.9 %, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
B. subtilis BZR 517 repressed leaf spot by 35.9% when applied at early signs of infection without grain inlaying.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- treatment at early signs of the infection without inlaying grainse4
- Interactor
- P. tritici-repentisPyrenophora tritici-repentise2pathogen
- Second interactor
- B. subtilis BZR 517Bacillus subtilise3biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- leaf spot developmente3
- Direction
- repressede3
- Value
- 35.9e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Winter wheat cultivar Bat'ko susceptible to the pathogen was used as test plant”
e2“in vitro antagonistic to P. tritici-repentis (Died.) Drechsler”
e3“The Bacillus sp. BZR 18 and B. subtilis BZR 517 were the most inhibiting strains which repressed leaf spot development at 68.5 to 83.0 % and 55.6 to 64.0 % rate, respectively”
e4“in all variants except treatment at early signs of the infection without inlaying grains when the efficiency was 26.8 and 35.9 %, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus licheniformis BZR 59 provided 52.6 to 68.9% leaf spot inhibition.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- B. licheniformis BZR 59e5
- Interactor
- P. tritici-repentisPyrenophora tritici-repentise2pathogen
- Second interactor
- B. licheniformis BZR 59
Bacillus licheniformise5biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- leaf spot inhibitione5
- Direction
- provided fore5
- Value
- 52.6 to 68.9 %e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Winter wheat cultivar Bat'ko susceptible to the pathogen was used as test plant”
e2“in vitro antagonistic to P. tritici-repentis (Died.) Drechsler”
e5“B. licheniformis BZR 59 provided for 52.6 to 68.9 % leaf spot inhibition”
Claim · model-written summary
Liquid culture of B. subtilis BZR 336 g ensured 51.5 to 58.3% efficiency in most application variants.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Liquid culture of B. subtilis BZR 336 ge6
- Interactor
- P. tritici-repentisPyrenophora tritici-repentise2pathogen
- Second interactor
- B. subtilis BZR 336 gBacillus subtilise6biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- efficiencye6
- Direction
- ensurede6
- Value
- 51.5 to 58.3 %e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Winter wheat cultivar Bat'ko susceptible to the pathogen was used as test plant”
e2“in vitro antagonistic to P. tritici-repentis (Died.) Drechsler”
e6“Liquid culture of B. subtilis BZR 336 g strain ensured efficiency from 51.5 to 58.3 % in all variants except a preventive treatment without inlaying grain when the efficiency was 40.9 %”
Claim · model-written summary
Liquid culture of B. subtilis BZR 336 g gave 40.9% efficiency with preventive treatment and no grain inlaying.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- a preventive treatment without inlaying graine6
- Interactor
- P. tritici-repentisPyrenophora tritici-repentise2pathogen
- Second interactor
- B. subtilis BZR 336 gBacillus subtilise6biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- efficiencye6
- Direction
- ensurede6
- Value
- 40.9 %e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Winter wheat cultivar Bat'ko susceptible to the pathogen was used as test plant”
e2“in vitro antagonistic to P. tritici-repentis (Died.) Drechsler”
e6“Liquid culture of B. subtilis BZR 336 g strain ensured efficiency from 51.5 to 58.3 % in all variants except a preventive treatment without inlaying grain when the efficiency was 40.9 %”
Claim · model-written summary
B. subtilis BZR 336 s caused 60.2 and 60.3% leaf spot repression under early-sign application with grain inlaying and in combination.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- if used at early signs of infection with inlaying graine7
- Interactor
- P. tritici-repentisPyrenophora tritici-repentise2pathogen
- Second interactor
- B. subtilis BZR 336 sBacillus subtilise7biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- leaf spot repressione7
- Direction
- causede7
- Value
- 60.2 and 60.3 %e7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Winter wheat cultivar Bat'ko susceptible to the pathogen was used as test plant”
e2“in vitro antagonistic to P. tritici-repentis (Died.) Drechsler”
e7“B. subtilis BZR 336 s, if used at early signs of infection with inlaying grain and in combination of prophylactic treatment with application at early signs of infection and inlaying grain, caused 60.2 and 60.3 % leaf spot repression”
Claim · model-written summary
B. subtilis BZR 336 s gave 14.7 to 44.3% leaf spot repression in other application cases.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- other casese3
- Interactor
- P. tritici-repentisPyrenophora tritici-repentise2pathogen
- Second interactor
- B. subtilis BZR 336 sBacillus subtilise7biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- leaf spot repressione7
- Direction
- was observede3
- Value
- 14.7 to 44.3 %e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Winter wheat cultivar Bat'ko susceptible to the pathogen was used as test plant”
e2“in vitro antagonistic to P. tritici-repentis (Died.) Drechsler”
e7“B. subtilis BZR 336 s, if used at early signs of infection with inlaying grain and in combination of prophylactic treatment with application at early signs of infection and inlaying grain, caused 60.2 and 60.3 % leaf spot repression”
e3“in other cases a 14.7 to 44.3 % repression was observed”
Claim · model-written summary
BZR 436 B. subtilis gave 28.4 to 73.4% effectiveness depending on the application mode.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- preventive treatment with preliminary grain inlayinge3
- Interactor
- P. tritici-repentisPyrenophora tritici-repentise2pathogen
- Second interactor
- BZR 436 B. subtilise3biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- effectivenesse3
- Direction
- was frome3
- Value
- 28.4 %e3
- Qualifier
- 73.4 %e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Winter wheat cultivar Bat'ko susceptible to the pathogen was used as test plant”
e2“in vitro antagonistic to P. tritici-repentis (Died.) Drechsler”
e3“BZR 436 B. subtilis effectiveness was from 28.4 % under preventive treatment with preliminary grain inlaying to 73.4 %”
Claim · model-written summary
Ochrobactrum sp. BZR 417 efficiency did not exceed 45.4% in any variant.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Ochrobactrum sp. BZR 417e3
- Interactor
- P. tritici-repentisPyrenophora tritici-repentise2pathogen
- Second interactor
- Ochrobactrum sp. BZR 417e3biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- efficiencye3
- Direction
- does not exceede3
- Value
- 45.4 %e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Winter wheat cultivar Bat'ko susceptible to the pathogen was used as test plant”
e2“in vitro antagonistic to P. tritici-repentis (Died.) Drechsler”
e3“The efficiency of Ochrobactrum sp. BZR 417 strain does not exceed 45.4 % in all variants”
Claim · model-written summary
All studied bacterial strains except Ochrobactrum sp. BZR 417 showed considerable biological efficacy against leaf spot.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- All studied bacterial strainse3
- Interactor
- P. tritici-repentisPyrenophora tritici-repentise2pathogen
- Outcome
- biological efficacy of leaf spot inhibitione3
- Direction
- showed considerablee3
- Qualifier
- except Ochrobactrum sp. BZR 417e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Winter wheat cultivar Bat'ko susceptible to the pathogen was used as test plant”
e2“in vitro antagonistic to P. tritici-repentis (Died.) Drechsler”
e3“All studied bacterial strains except Ochrobactrum sp. BZR 417 showed considerable biological efficacy of leaf spot inhibition”
Claim · model-written summary
A combination of grain pre-treatment, prophylactic treatment and early-sign treatment was the most effective strategy.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- a combination of grain pre-treatment, prophylactic treatment and treatment at early signs of infectione3
- Interactor
- P. tritici-repentisPyrenophora tritici-repentise2pathogen
- Outcome
- proved to be the most effectivee3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Winter wheat cultivar Bat'ko susceptible to the pathogen was used as test plant”
e2“in vitro antagonistic to P. tritici-repentis (Died.) Drechsler”
e3“a combination of grain pre-treatment, prophylactic treatment and treatment at early signs of infection proved to be the most effective”
The same questions in other papers
Bacillus subtilis · Pyrenophora tritici-repentis · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
inoculation · Pyrenophora tritici-repentis · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.