Abstract
Abstract Fertilizer application, particularly nitrogen (N), is important in cool‐season grass forage production. Subsurface (knife) placement of N often has resulted in higher forage yield and N uptake of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) compared to surface‐broadcast fertilization, but further studies were needed to indicate whether soil pH, phosphorus (P), or potassium (K) modifies the response. Experiment I tested responses of forage yield and N and P concentration to N, P, and K amount and placement. Two types of fertilizer placement ‐ broadcast and knife ‐ were used with 13, 112, or 168 kg N; 0 or 19 kg P; and 0 or 37 kg K/ha in a factorial arrangement. Yields increased by 53% as N fertilization went from 13 to 112 kg/ha and by 69% as N increased from 13 to 168 kg N/ha. Forage yield was increased 26% from knife compared to broadcast fertilizer placement. P application increased forage production by 13%, but K application had no effect on yield. Forage N concentrations increased by 25% as N fertilization went from 13 to 112 kg/ha and by 38% as N increased from 13 to 168 kg N/ha. Effects of added P and fertilizer placement on N concentration often resulted in interactions among factors. Forage P generally was increased by added P, with some effects of interactions among N rate, P rate, and placement. In Experiment II, fescue responses to N placement were tested where different soil characteristics had been established by previous lime and fertility treatments. Forage yield, N concentration, and N uptake were highest where 9.36 Mg/ha of lime were applied as compared to the control. Previous fertility treatments had no significant (P<0.05) effect. When N was knifed, forage yield was related positively to available soil P but not to pH or K. Yield and forage N concentration and uptake were increased by 20, 11, and 33%, respectively, as a result of knife versus broadcast N application.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Forage yield increased 53% as N fertilization rose from 13 to 112 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)
Lolium arundinaceumt0 - Treatment
- N fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- Yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 53%e0
- Qualifier
- 112 kg/hae0
- Comparator
- 13e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)”
e0“Yields increased by 53% as N fertilization went from 13 to 112 kg/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Forage yield increased 69% as N rose from 13 to 168 kg N/ha.
- Taxon
- tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)Lolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- Ne0
- Outcome
- Ne0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 69%e0
- Qualifier
- 168 kg N/hae0
- Comparator
- 13e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)”
e0“by 69% as N increased from 13 to 168 kg N/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Knife placement increased forage yield 26% over broadcast placement.
- Taxon
- tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)Lolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- knifee0
- Outcome
- Forage yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 26%e0
- Comparator
- broadcast fertilizer placemente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)”
e0“Forage yield was increased 26% from knife compared to broadcast fertilizer placement”
Claim · model-written summary
P application increased forage production by 13%.
- Taxon
- tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)Lolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- P applicatione0
- Outcome
- forage productione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 13%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)”
e0“P application increased forage production by 13%”
Claim · model-written summary
K application had no effect on yield.
- Taxon
- tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)Lolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- K applicatione0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)”
e0“K application had no effect on yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Forage N concentration increased 25% from 13 to 112 kg/ha N.
- Taxon
- tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)Lolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- N fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- Forage N concentrationse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 25%e0
- Qualifier
- 112 kg/hae0
- Comparator
- 13e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)”
e0“Forage N concentrations increased by 25% as N fertilization went from 13 to 112 kg/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Forage N concentration increased 38% from 13 to 168 kg N/ha.
- Taxon
- tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)Lolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- Ne0
- Outcome
- Ne0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 38%e0
- Comparator
- 13e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)”
e0“by 38% as N increased from 13 to 168 kg N/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Added P and placement interacted in their effect on forage N concentration.
- Taxon
- tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)Lolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- added P and fertilizer placemente0
- Outcome
- N concentratione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)”
e0“Effects of added P and fertilizer placement on N concentration often resulted in interactions among factors”
Claim · model-written summary
Added P generally increased forage P, with interactions involving N rate, P rate and placement.
- Taxon
- tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)Lolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- added Pe0
- Outcome
- Forage Pe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- interactions among N rate, P rate, and placemente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)”
e0“Forage P generally was increased by added P, with some effects of interactions among N rate, P rate, and placement”
Claim · model-written summary
Forage yield was highest with 9.36 Mg/ha lime versus control.
- Taxon
- tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)Lolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- 9.36 Mg/ha of limee0
- Outcome
- Forage yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)”
e0“Forage yield, N concentration, and N uptake were highest where 9.36 Mg/ha of lime were applied as compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
N concentration was highest with 9.36 Mg/ha lime versus control.
- Taxon
- tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)Lolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- 9.36 Mg/ha of limee0
- Outcome
- N concentratione0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)”
e0“Forage yield, N concentration, and N uptake were highest where 9.36 Mg/ha of lime were applied as compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
N uptake was highest with 9.36 Mg/ha lime versus control.
- Taxon
- tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)Lolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- 9.36 Mg/ha of limee0
- Outcome
- N uptakee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)”
e0“Forage yield, N concentration, and N uptake were highest where 9.36 Mg/ha of lime were applied as compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Previous fertility treatments had no significant effect.
- Taxon
- tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)Lolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- Previous fertility treatmentse0
- Outcome
- effecte0
- Direction
- no significante0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)”
e0“Previous fertility treatments had no significant (P<0.05) effect”
Claim · model-written summary
Under knife placement, forage yield was positively related to available soil P.
- Taxon
- tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)Lolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- N was knifede0
- Compound
- available soil Pe0
- Outcome
- forage yielde0
- Direction
- positivelye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)”
e0“When N was knifed, forage yield was related positively to available soil P”
Claim · model-written summary
Under knife placement, forage yield was not related to pH.
- Taxon
- tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)Lolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- N was knifede0
- Compound
- pHe0
- Outcome
- forage yielde0
- Direction
- not toe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)”
e0“When N was knifed, forage yield was related positively to available soil P but not to pH or K”
Claim · model-written summary
Under knife placement, forage yield was not related to K.
- Taxon
- tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)Lolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- N was knifede0
- Compound
- Ke0
- Outcome
- forage yielde0
- Direction
- not toe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)”
e0“When N was knifed, forage yield was related positively to available soil P but not to pH or K”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield increased 20% under knife versus broadcast N application.
- Taxon
- tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)Lolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- knifee0
- Outcome
- Yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 20e0
- Comparator
- broadcast N applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)”
e0“Yield and forage N concentration and uptake were increased by 20, 11, and 33%, respectively, as a result of knife versus broadcast N application”
Claim · model-written summary
forage N concentration increased 11% under knife versus broadcast N application.
- Taxon
- tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)Lolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- knifee0
- Outcome
- forage N concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 11e0
- Comparator
- broadcast N applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)”
e0“Yield and forage N concentration and uptake were increased by 20, 11, and 33%, respectively, as a result of knife versus broadcast N application”
Claim · model-written summary
uptake increased 33% under knife versus broadcast N application.
- Taxon
- tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)Lolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- knifee0
- Outcome
- uptakee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 33%e0
- Comparator
- broadcast N applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)”
e0“Yield and forage N concentration and uptake were increased by 20, 11, and 33%, respectively, as a result of knife versus broadcast N application”
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