Abstract
Acidovorax citrulli (Ac) is the causal agent of bacterial fruit blotch ( BFB ) disease resulting in substantial economic damage to cucurbit crops worldwide. The plant parts and cultural practices (irrigation methods and bactericidal sprays) that affect the secondary spread of Ac in melon nurseries were investigated in this study. Overhead irrigation dispersed the pathogen from infected seedlings to 95% of the neighbouring healthy seedlings, with 80% of them displaying high disease severity. In contrast, when sub‐irrigation by floating was employed, the neighbouring plants of the infected ones did not display disease symptoms and were not colonized by Ac. Foliar treatment with Kocide after cotyledon emergence reduced disease incidence to 40%, with 37% of the plants displaying low disease severity. Assessment of Ac populations in different parts of the seedlings revealed that cotyledons were the most colonized part of the plant. Images of fluorescent binocular and confocal laser‐scanning microscopy of seedlings infected with a GFP ‐labelled Ac strain showed that the pathogen forms abundant aggregates on the surface of cotyledons, colonizes the intercellular spaces of the parenchymatic tissues extensively, and moves through the vascular system of the hypocotyls, leading to infection of emerging leaves. Results of this study indicate that preventing secondary spread of Ac in melon nurseries by sub‐irrigation combined with a bactericidal spray at the cotyledon stage may provide an effective means for BFB control.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Overhead irrigation spread the pathogen to 95% of adjacent healthy seedlings.
- Taxon
- melon
.jpg?width=60)
Cucumis melot0 - Treatment
- Overhead irrigatione0
- Interactor
- Acidovorax citrulliParacidovorax citrullit0pathogen
- Outcome
- pathogen from infected seedlings to 95% of the neighbouring healthy seedlingse0
- Direction
- dispersede0
- Value
- 95%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Overhead irrigation dispersed the pathogen from infected seedlings to 95% of the neighbouring healthy seedlings, with 80% of them displaying high disease severity.”
t0“Acidovorax citrulli in melon nurseries”
Claim · model-written summary
With overhead irrigation, 80% of neighbouring seedlings had high disease severity.
- Taxon
- melonCucumis melot0
- Treatment
- Overhead irrigatione0
- Interactor
- Acidovorax citrulliParacidovorax citrullit0pathogen
- Outcome
- high disease severitye0
- Value
- 80%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overhead irrigation dispersed the pathogen from infected seedlings to 95% of the neighbouring healthy seedlings, with 80% of them displaying high disease severity.”
t0“Acidovorax citrulli in melon nurseries”
Claim · model-written summary
Neighbouring plants under floating subirrigation showed no symptoms.
- Taxon
- melonCucumis melot0
- Treatment
- sub‐irrigation by floatinge0
- Outcome
- disease symptomse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In contrast, when sub‐irrigation by floating was employed, the neighbouring plants of the infected ones did not display disease symptoms and were not colonized by Ac.”
t0“Acidovorax citrulli in melon nurseries”
Claim · model-written summary
Neighbouring plants under floating subirrigation were not colonized by Ac.
- Taxon
- melonCucumis melot0
- Treatment
- sub‐irrigation by floatinge0
- Outcome
- not colonized by Ace0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In contrast, when sub‐irrigation by floating was employed, the neighbouring plants of the infected ones did not display disease symptoms and were not colonized by Ac.”
t0“Acidovorax citrulli in melon nurseries”
Claim · model-written summary
Kocide after cotyledon emergence reduced incidence to 40%.
- Taxon
- melonCucumis melot0
- Treatment
- Foliar treatment with Kocide after cotyledon emergencee0
- Interactor
- Acidovorax citrulliParacidovorax citrullit0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease incidencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 40%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar treatment with Kocide after cotyledon emergence reduced disease incidence to 40%, with 37% of the plants displaying low disease severity.”
t0“Acidovorax citrulli in melon nurseries”
Claim · model-written summary
With Kocide, 37% of plants had low disease severity.
- Taxon
- melonCucumis melot0
- Treatment
- Foliar treatment with Kocide after cotyledon emergencee0
- Interactor
- Acidovorax citrulliParacidovorax citrullit0pathogen
- Outcome
- low disease severitye0
- Value
- 37%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar treatment with Kocide after cotyledon emergence reduced disease incidence to 40%, with 37% of the plants displaying low disease severity.”
t0“Acidovorax citrulli in melon nurseries”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotyledons were the most colonized seedling part.
- Taxon
- melonCucumis melot0
- Organ / stage
- cotyledonse0
- Outcome
- most colonized part of the plante0
- Direction
- most colonizede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Assessment of Ac populations in different parts of the seedlings revealed that cotyledons were the most colonized part of the plant.”
t0“Acidovorax citrulli in melon nurseries”
Claim · model-written summary
The pathogen formed abundant aggregates on cotyledon surfaces.
- Taxon
- melonCucumis melot0
- Organ / stage
- cotyledonse0
- Interactor
- Acidovorax citrulliParacidovorax citrullit0pathogen
- Outcome
- abundant aggregates on the surface of cotyledonse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the pathogen forms abundant aggregates on the surface of cotyledons, colonizes the intercellular spaces of the parenchymatic tissues extensively, and moves through the vascular system of the hypocotyls, leading to infection of emerging leaves.”
t0“Acidovorax citrulli in melon nurseries”
Claim · model-written summary
The pathogen extensively colonized parenchyma intercellular spaces.
- Taxon
- melonCucumis melot0
- Organ / stage
- parenchymatic tissuese0
- Interactor
- Acidovorax citrulliParacidovorax citrullit0pathogen
- Outcome
- colonizes the intercellular spaces of the parenchymatic tissues extensivelye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the pathogen forms abundant aggregates on the surface of cotyledons, colonizes the intercellular spaces of the parenchymatic tissues extensively, and moves through the vascular system of the hypocotyls, leading to infection of emerging leaves.”
t0“Acidovorax citrulli in melon nurseries”
Claim · model-written summary
The pathogen moved through hypocotyl vasculature and infected emerging leaves.
- Taxon
- melonCucumis melot0
- Organ / stage
- hypocotylse0
- Interactor
- Acidovorax citrulliParacidovorax citrullit0pathogen
- Outcome
- moves through the vascular system of the hypocotyls, leading to infection of emerging leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the pathogen forms abundant aggregates on the surface of cotyledons, colonizes the intercellular spaces of the parenchymatic tissues extensively, and moves through the vascular system of the hypocotyls, leading to infection of emerging leaves.”
t0“Acidovorax citrulli in melon nurseries”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend subirrigation with a cotyledon-stage bactericidal spray for control.
- Taxon
- melonCucumis meloe0
- Treatment
- sub‐irrigation combined with a bactericidal spray at the cotyledon stagee0
- Outcome
- effective means for BFB controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results of this study indicate that preventing secondary spread of Ac in melon nurseries by sub‐irrigation combined with a bactericidal spray at the cotyledon stage may provide an effective means for BFB control.”
t0“Acidovorax citrulli in melon nurseries”
The same questions in other papers
application · Paracidovorax citrulli · Cucumis melo (muskmelon)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.