Abstract
Plant RHO GTPases (RAC/ROPs) mediate multiple extracellular signals ranging from hormone to stress and regulate diverse cellular processes important for polarized cell growth, differentiation, development, reproduction, and responses to the environment. They shuttle between the GDP-bound inactive state and the GTP-bound activated state and their activation is predominantly mediated by a family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) referred to as ROPGEFs. Using the Arabidopsis ROPGEF1 as bait, we identified members of a receptor-like kinase (RLK) family as potential upstream regulators for RAC/ROP signaling. NADPH oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) are emerging as important regulators for growth and development and play a crucial role in mediating RAC/ROP-regulated root hair development, a polarized cell growth process. We therefore screened T-DNA insertion mutants in these RLKs for root hair defects and found that mutations in one of them, At3g51550 encoding the FERONIA (FER) receptor-like kinase, induced severe root hair defects. We show that the fer phenotypes correlated with reduced levels of active RAC/ROPs and NADPH oxidase-dependent, auxin-regulated ROS accumulation in roots and root hairs and that up-regulating RAC/ROP signaling in fer countered the mutant phenotypes. Taken together, these observations strongly support FER as an upstream regulator for the RAC/ROP-signaled pathway that controls ROS-mediated root hair development. Moreover, FER was pulled down by ROP2 GTPase in a guanine nucleotide-regulated manner implying a dynamic signaling complex involving FER, a ROPGEF, and a RAC/ROP.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Receptor-like kinase family members were identified as potential upstream regulators of RAC/ROP signaling.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise0 - Gene
- ROPGEF1e0
- Outcome
- potential upstream regulators for RAC/ROP signalinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Using the Arabidopsis ROPGEF1 as bait, we identified members of a receptor-like kinase (RLK) family as potential upstream regulators for RAC/ROP signaling.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mutations in FER induced severe root hair defects.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Treatment
- mutations in one of theme0
- Gene
- At3g51550e0
- Outcome
- severe root hair defectse0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mutations in one of them, At3g51550 encoding the FERONIA (FER) receptor-like kinase, induced severe root hair defects”
t0“root hair development”
e1“Using the Arabidopsis ROPGEF1 as bait, we identified members of a receptor-like kinase (RLK) family as potential upstream regulators for RAC/ROP signaling.”
Claim · model-written summary
The fer phenotypes correlated with reduced active RAC/ROP levels.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Material
- fere0
- Gene
- RAC/ROPse0
- Outcome
- levels of active RAC/ROPse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the fer phenotypes correlated with reduced levels of active RAC/ROPs”
t0“root hair development”
e1“Using the Arabidopsis ROPGEF1 as bait, we identified members of a receptor-like kinase (RLK) family as potential upstream regulators for RAC/ROP signaling.”
Claim · model-written summary
The fer phenotypes correlated with reduced auxin-regulated ROS accumulation in roots and root hairs.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Material
- fere0
- Organ / stage
- roots and root hairse0
- Outcome
- ROS accumulatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the fer phenotypes correlated with reduced levels of active RAC/ROPs and NADPH oxidase-dependent, auxin-regulated ROS accumulation in roots and root hairs”
t0“root hair development”
e1“Using the Arabidopsis ROPGEF1 as bait, we identified members of a receptor-like kinase (RLK) family as potential upstream regulators for RAC/ROP signaling.”
Claim · model-written summary
Up-regulating RAC/ROP signaling countered the fer mutant phenotypes.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Material
- fere0
- Treatment
- up-regulating RAC/ROP signalinge0
- Outcome
- mutant phenotypese0
- Direction
- counterede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“up-regulating RAC/ROP signaling in fer countered the mutant phenotypes”
t0“root hair development”
e1“Using the Arabidopsis ROPGEF1 as bait, we identified members of a receptor-like kinase (RLK) family as potential upstream regulators for RAC/ROP signaling.”
Claim · model-written summary
FER is supported as an upstream regulator of the RAC/ROP pathway controlling ROS-mediated root hair development.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Gene
- FERe0
- Outcome
- ROS-mediated root hair developmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these observations strongly support FER as an upstream regulator for the RAC/ROP-signaled pathway that controls ROS-mediated root hair development”
t0“root hair development”
e1“Using the Arabidopsis ROPGEF1 as bait, we identified members of a receptor-like kinase (RLK) family as potential upstream regulators for RAC/ROP signaling.”
Claim · model-written summary
FER was pulled down by ROP2 GTPase in a guanine nucleotide-regulated manner.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Gene
- ROP2 GTPasee0
- Outcome
- FER was pulled downe0
- Qualifier
- guanine nucleotide-regulated mannere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FER was pulled down by ROP2 GTPase in a guanine nucleotide-regulated manner”
t0“root hair development”
e1“Using the Arabidopsis ROPGEF1 as bait, we identified members of a receptor-like kinase (RLK) family as potential upstream regulators for RAC/ROP signaling.”
The same questions in other papers
loss of function · growth · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
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