Abstract
Abstract The bioactivity of materials derived from the leaves and succulent stems of Ocimum kenyense against Sitophilus zeamais (Mots.), Rhyzopertha dominica (Fab.) and Sitotroga cerealella (Oliv.) was assessed in maize and sorghum grains in the laboratory. O. kenyense applied as dry or ground leaves was not toxic to S. zeamais and R. dominica. The highest dosage of essential oil killed only 35% of the weevil but induced 96% mortality in the borer after 96 h. S. cerealella was most susceptible to O. kenyense since all the plant materials bioassayed evoked higher mortalities in the moth. Grains treated with 30 g of ground leaves and 750 mg of essential oil killed all the moths after 24 h. Similarly, dry and ground leaves had no effect on progeny production by S. zeamais but grains treated with essential oil extract significantly reduced the number of progeny produced by the weevil. All levels of dry leaves, ground leaves and essential oil extract of O. kenyense caused significant reduction in progeny produced by R. dominica and S. cerealella. There was no progeny produced by both species in grains treated with the highest dosages of 30 g of ground leaves and 750 mg of essential oil extract. All the plant materials were highly repellent to S. zeamais , with the highest dosages of ground leaves and essential oil evoking the highest repellent action. The materials, however, showed only moderate repellency against R. dominica and rather low repellency against the moth. Ground leaves and essential oil extract provided the greatest protection of maize and sorghum against feeding by R. dominica and S. cerealella with no observable feeding damage to grains treated the highest dosages of both materials. The potential practical use of O. kenyense as grain protectants in farm‐stored grains in rural communities in Africa is discussed.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Dry or ground O. kenyense leaves were not toxic to S. zeamais.
- Treatment
- O. kenyense applied as dry or ground leavese0
- Interactor
- S. zeamais
Sitophilus zeamaise0pest - Outcome
- toxic to S. zeamaise0
- Direction
- not toxice0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“O. kenyense applied as dry or ground leaves was not toxic to S. zeamais and R. dominica.”
e1“assessed in maize and sorghum grains in the laboratory.”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry or ground O. kenyense leaves were not toxic to R. dominica.
- Treatment
- O. kenyense applied as dry or ground leavese0
- Interactor
- R. dominica
Rhyzopertha dominicae0pest - Outcome
- toxic to S. zeamais and R. dominicae0
- Direction
- not toxice0
SorghumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“O. kenyense applied as dry or ground leaves was not toxic to S. zeamais and R. dominica.”
e1“assessed in maize and sorghum grains in the laboratory.”
Claim · model-written summary
Highest essential-oil dose killed 35% of weevils.
- Treatment
- highest dosage of essential oile0
- Interactor
- Sitophilus zeamaisSitophilus zeamaise1pest
- Outcome
- weevile0
- Value
- 35%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest dosage of essential oil killed only 35% of the weevil”
e1“against Sitophilus zeamais (Mots.), Rhyzopertha dominica (Fab.) and Sitotroga cerealella (Oliv.) was assessed in maize and sorghum grains in the laboratory.”
Claim · model-written summary
Highest essential-oil dose induced 96% borer mortality after 96 h.
- Treatment
- highest dosage of essential oile1
- Interactor
- Rhyzopertha dominicaRhyzopertha dominicae2pest
- Outcome
- mortality in the borere0
- Value
- 96%e0
- Qualifier
- after 96 he0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“induced 96% mortality in the borer after 96 h”
e1“The highest dosage of essential oil killed only 35% of the weevil but induced 96% mortality in the borer after 96 h.”
e2“against Sitophilus zeamais (Mots.), Rhyzopertha dominica (Fab.) and Sitotroga cerealella (Oliv.) was assessed in maize and sorghum grains in the laboratory.”
Claim · model-written summary
S. cerealella was most susceptible to O. kenyense materials.
- Interactor
- S. cerealella
Sitotroga cerealellae0pest - Outcome
- S. cerealella was most susceptiblee0
- Direction
- most susceptiblee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“S. cerealella was most susceptible to O. kenyense since all the plant materials bioassayed evoked higher mortalities in the moth.”
e1“assessed in maize and sorghum grains in the laboratory.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ground leaves at 30 g killed all moths after 24 h.
- Treatment
- 30 g of ground leavese0
- Interactor
- Sitotroga cerealellaSitotroga cerealellae1pest
- Outcome
- mothse0
- Value
- alle0
- Qualifier
- after 24 he0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grains treated with 30 g of ground leaves and 750 mg of essential oil killed all the moths after 24 h.”
e1“against Sitophilus zeamais (Mots.), Rhyzopertha dominica (Fab.) and Sitotroga cerealella (Oliv.) was assessed in maize and sorghum grains in the laboratory.”
Claim · model-written summary
Essential oil at 750 mg killed all moths after 24 h.
- Treatment
- 750 mg of essential oile0
- Interactor
- Sitotroga cerealellaSitotroga cerealellae1pest
- Outcome
- mothse0
- Value
- alle0
- Qualifier
- after 24 he0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grains treated with 30 g of ground leaves and 750 mg of essential oil killed all the moths after 24 h.”
e1“against Sitophilus zeamais (Mots.), Rhyzopertha dominica (Fab.) and Sitotroga cerealella (Oliv.) was assessed in maize and sorghum grains in the laboratory.”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry leaves did not affect S. zeamais progeny production.
- Treatment
- drye0
- Interactor
- S. zeamaisSitophilus zeamaise0pest
- Outcome
- progeny production by S. zeamaise0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dry and ground leaves had no effect on progeny production by S. zeamais”
e1“assessed in maize and sorghum grains in the laboratory.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ground leaves did not affect S. zeamais progeny production.
- Treatment
- ground leavese0
- Interactor
- S. zeamaisSitophilus zeamaise0pest
- Outcome
- progeny production by S. zeamaise0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dry and ground leaves had no effect on progeny production by S. zeamais”
e1“assessed in maize and sorghum grains in the laboratory.”
Claim · model-written summary
Essential oil reduced S. zeamais progeny significantly.
- Treatment
- essential oil extracte0
- Interactor
- Sitophilus zeamaisSitophilus zeamaise2pest
- Outcome
- number of progeny produced by the weevile0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grains treated with essential oil extract significantly reduced the number of progeny produced by the weevil”
e1“assessed in maize and sorghum grains in the laboratory.”
e2“against Sitophilus zeamais (Mots.)”
Claim · model-written summary
All O. kenyense materials significantly reduced R. dominica progeny.
- Treatment
- dry leaves, ground leaves and essential oil extract of O. kenyensee0
- Interactor
- R. dominicaRhyzopertha dominicae0pest
- Outcome
- progeny produced by R. dominicae0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All levels of dry leaves, ground leaves and essential oil extract of O. kenyense caused significant reduction in progeny produced by R. dominica and S. cerealella.”
e1“assessed in maize and sorghum grains in the laboratory.”
Claim · model-written summary
All O. kenyense materials significantly reduced S. cerealella progeny.
- Treatment
- dry leaves, ground leaves and essential oil extract of O. kenyensee0
- Interactor
- S. cerealellaSitotroga cerealellae0pest
- Outcome
- progeny produced by R. dominica and S. cerealellae0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All levels of dry leaves, ground leaves and essential oil extract of O. kenyense caused significant reduction in progeny produced by R. dominica and S. cerealella.”
e1“assessed in maize and sorghum grains in the laboratory.”
Claim · model-written summary
Highest ground-leaf dose eliminated R. dominica and S. cerealella progeny.
- Treatment
- 30 g of ground leavese0
- Interactor
- R. dominicaRhyzopertha dominicae1pest
- Second interactor
- S. cerealellaSitotroga cerealellae1pest
- Outcome
- no progeny producede0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was no progeny produced by both species in grains treated with the highest dosages of 30 g of ground leaves and 750 mg of essential oil extract.”
e1“All levels of dry leaves, ground leaves and essential oil extract of O. kenyense caused significant reduction in progeny produced by R. dominica and S. cerealella.”
e2“assessed in maize and sorghum grains in the laboratory.”
Claim · model-written summary
Highest essential-oil dose eliminated R. dominica and S. cerealella progeny.
- Treatment
- 750 mg of essential oil extracte0
- Interactor
- R. dominicaRhyzopertha dominicae1pest
- Second interactor
- S. cerealellaSitotroga cerealellae1pest
- Outcome
- no progeny producede0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was no progeny produced by both species in grains treated with the highest dosages of 30 g of ground leaves and 750 mg of essential oil extract.”
e1“All levels of dry leaves, ground leaves and essential oil extract of O. kenyense caused significant reduction in progeny produced by R. dominica and S. cerealella.”
e2“assessed in maize and sorghum grains in the laboratory.”
Claim · model-written summary
O. kenyense materials were highly repellent to S. zeamais.
- Treatment
- All the plant materialse0
- Interactor
- S. zeamaisSitophilus zeamaise0pest
- Outcome
- repellent to S. zeamaise0
- Direction
- highlye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All the plant materials were highly repellent to S. zeamais , with the highest dosages of ground leaves and essential oil evoking the highest repellent action.”
e1“assessed in maize and sorghum grains in the laboratory.”
Claim · model-written summary
O. kenyense materials had moderate repellency against R. dominica.
- Treatment
- The materialse0
- Interactor
- R. dominicaRhyzopertha dominicae0pest
- Outcome
- repellency against R. dominicae0
- Direction
- moderatee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The materials, however, showed only moderate repellency against R. dominica and rather low repellency against the moth.”
e1“assessed in maize and sorghum grains in the laboratory.”
Claim · model-written summary
O. kenyense materials had low repellency against the moth.
- Treatment
- The materialse0
- Interactor
- Sitotroga cerealellaSitotroga cerealellae1pest
- Outcome
- repellency against the mothe0
- Direction
- lowe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The materials, however, showed only moderate repellency against R. dominica and rather low repellency against the moth.”
e1“against Sitophilus zeamais (Mots.), Rhyzopertha dominica (Fab.) and Sitotroga cerealella (Oliv.) was assessed in maize and sorghum grains in the laboratory.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ground leaves protected grains against feeding by R. dominica and S. cerealella, with no observable damage at the highest dose.
- Treatment
- Ground leavese0
- Interactor
- R. dominicaRhyzopertha dominicae0pest
- Second interactor
- S. cerealellaSitotroga cerealellae0pest
- Outcome
- protection of maize and sorghum against feedinge0
- Direction
- greateste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ground leaves and essential oil extract provided the greatest protection of maize and sorghum against feeding by R. dominica and S. cerealella with no observable feeding damage to grains treated the highest dosages of both materials.”
Claim · model-written summary
Essential oil protected grains against feeding by R. dominica and S. cerealella, with no observable damage at the highest dose.
- Treatment
- essential oil extracte0
- Interactor
- R. dominicaRhyzopertha dominicae0pest
- Second interactor
- S. cerealellaSitotroga cerealellae0pest
- Outcome
- protection of maize and sorghum against feedinge0
- Direction
- greateste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ground leaves and essential oil extract provided the greatest protection of maize and sorghum against feeding by R. dominica and S. cerealella with no observable feeding damage to grains treated the highest dosages of both materials.”
The same questions in other papers
botanical · Sitophilus zeamais · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
112 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
113 papers more in this group
See all 117 papers →botanical · Rhyzopertha dominica · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
botanical · Rhyzopertha dominica · SorghumResults agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.