Abstract
The experiments were conducted at Laboratory of the Department of Plant Pathology and in the farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh during Rabi season of the year 2007-2008. Four fungicides viz. Bavistin 50 WP (Carbendazim), Tilt 250 EC (Propiconazole), Cupravit 50 WP (Copperoxychloride) and Dithane M-45 (Mancozeb) and micronutrients (Gypsum, ZnO and Boric acid) were evaluated against Phomopsis vexans causing Phomopsis blight and fruit rot of eggplant. The fungicides and micronutrients either applied individually or in combination showed significant effect in terms of per cent leaf infection, fruit infection, leaf area diseased and fruit area diseased in comparison to control. Effect of each fungicide applied in combination with micronutrients always showed better performance in reducing disease incidence and disease severity than the fungicides applied alone. Among the fungicides, Bavistin 50 WP (0.1%) proved to be effective arresting the spore germination and mycelia growth of Phomopsis vexans assayed in in vitro test. Reduction of leaf area diseased caused by Bavistin 50 WP (0.1%) in combination with micronutrients were 58.17, 67.37, 78.41 and 85.25%, respectively at preflowering, post-flowering, fruiting and fruit ripening stages while Bavistin 50 WP (0.1%) alone reduced by 52.22, 58.67, 74.19 and 83.09%, respectively at those stages. Similarly reduction of fruit area diseased caused by Bavistin 50 WP (0.1%) in combination with micronutrients were 57.93 and 79.79%, respectively at fruiting and fruit ripening stages while Bavistin 50WP (0.1%) alone reduced by 56.93 and 76.14%, respectively at those stages. Micronutrients had little effect against the disease but significantly better than control.Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 3 (1): 66-72, June, 2013 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v3i1.16095
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicides and micronutrients, alone or combined, significantly affected leaf and fruit infection and diseased area relative to control.
- Taxon
- eggplant
Solanum melongenae1 - Treatment
- fungicides and micronutrients either applied individually or in combinatione0
- Interactor
- Phomopsis vexansDiaporthe vexanse1pathogen
- Outcome
- per cent leaf infection, fruit infection, leaf area diseased and fruit area diseasede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The fungicides and micronutrients either applied individually or in combination showed significant effect in terms of per cent leaf infection, fruit infection, leaf area diseased and fruit area diseased in comparison to control.”
e1“against Phomopsis vexans causing Phomopsis blight and fruit rot of eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
Combining each fungicide with micronutrients reduced disease incidence and severity more than using the fungicide alone.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae1
- Treatment
- each fungicide applied in combination with micronutrientse0
- Interactor
- Phomopsis vexansDiaporthe vexanse1pathogen
- Outcome
- disease incidence and disease severitye0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Comparator
- fungicides applied alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Effect of each fungicide applied in combination with micronutrients always showed better performance in reducing disease incidence and disease severity than the fungicides applied alone.”
e1“against Phomopsis vexans causing Phomopsis blight and fruit rot of eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
Bavistin 50 WP inhibited Phomopsis vexans spore germination and mycelial growth in vitro.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae1
- Treatment
- Bavistin 50 WP (0.1%)e0
- Interactor
- Phomopsis vexansDiaporthe vexanse0pathogen
- Outcome
- spore germination and mycelia growth of Phomopsis vexanse0
- Direction
- arrestinge0
- Setting
- in vitro teste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bavistin 50 WP (0.1%) proved to be effective arresting the spore germination and mycelia growth of Phomopsis vexans assayed in in vitro test.”
e1“fruit rot of eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
Bavistin with micronutrients reduced diseased leaf area by 58.17% at preflowering.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae1
- Organ / stage
- prefloweringe0
- Treatment
- Bavistin 50 WP (0.1%) in combination with micronutrientse0
- Outcome
- leaf area diseasede0
- Direction
- Reductione0
- Value
- 58.17e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduction of leaf area diseased caused by Bavistin 50 WP (0.1%) in combination with micronutrients were 58.17, 67.37, 78.41 and 85.25%, respectively at preflowering, post-flowering, fruiting and fruit ripening stages”
e1“fruit rot of eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
Bavistin with micronutrients reduced diseased leaf area by 67.37% after flowering.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae1
- Organ / stage
- post-floweringe0
- Treatment
- Bavistin 50 WP (0.1%) in combination with micronutrientse0
- Outcome
- leaf area diseasede0
- Direction
- Reductione0
- Value
- 67.37e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduction of leaf area diseased caused by Bavistin 50 WP (0.1%) in combination with micronutrients were 58.17, 67.37, 78.41 and 85.25%, respectively at preflowering, post-flowering, fruiting and fruit ripening stages”
e1“fruit rot of eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
Bavistin with micronutrients reduced diseased leaf area by 78.41% at fruiting.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae1
- Organ / stage
- fruitinge0
- Treatment
- Bavistin 50 WP (0.1%) in combination with micronutrientse0
- Outcome
- leaf area diseasede0
- Direction
- Reductione0
- Value
- 78.41e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduction of leaf area diseased caused by Bavistin 50 WP (0.1%) in combination with micronutrients were 58.17, 67.37, 78.41 and 85.25%, respectively at preflowering, post-flowering, fruiting and fruit ripening stages”
e1“fruit rot of eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
Bavistin with micronutrients reduced diseased leaf area by 85.25% at fruit ripening.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae1
- Organ / stage
- fruit ripeninge0
- Treatment
- Bavistin 50 WP (0.1%) in combination with micronutrientse0
- Outcome
- leaf area diseasede0
- Direction
- Reductione0
- Value
- 85.25%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduction of leaf area diseased caused by Bavistin 50 WP (0.1%) in combination with micronutrients were 58.17, 67.37, 78.41 and 85.25%, respectively at preflowering, post-flowering, fruiting and fruit ripening stages”
e1“fruit rot of eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
Bavistin alone reduced diseased leaf area by 52.22% at preflowering.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae2
- Treatment
- Bavistin 50 WP (0.1%) alonee0
- Outcome
- leaf area diseasede1
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 52.22e0
Not reportedOrgan / stageComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bavistin 50 WP (0.1%) alone reduced by 52.22, 58.67, 74.19 and 83.09%, respectively at those stages.”
e1“Reduction of leaf area diseased caused by Bavistin”
e2“fruit rot of eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
Bavistin alone reduced diseased leaf area by 58.67% after flowering.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae2
- Treatment
- Bavistin 50 WP (0.1%) alonee0
- Outcome
- leaf area diseasede1
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 58.67e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bavistin 50 WP (0.1%) alone reduced by 52.22, 58.67, 74.19 and 83.09%, respectively at those stages.”
e1“Reduction of leaf area diseased caused by Bavistin”
e2“fruit rot of eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
Bavistin alone reduced diseased leaf area by 74.19% at fruiting.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae2
- Treatment
- Bavistin 50 WP (0.1%) alonee0
- Outcome
- leaf area diseasede1
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 74.19e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bavistin 50 WP (0.1%) alone reduced by 52.22, 58.67, 74.19 and 83.09%, respectively at those stages.”
e1“Reduction of leaf area diseased caused by Bavistin”
e2“fruit rot of eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
Bavistin alone reduced diseased leaf area by 83.09% at fruit ripening.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae2
- Treatment
- Bavistin 50 WP (0.1%) alonee0
- Outcome
- leaf area diseasede1
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 83.09%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bavistin 50 WP (0.1%) alone reduced by 52.22, 58.67, 74.19 and 83.09%, respectively at those stages.”
e1“Reduction of leaf area diseased caused by Bavistin”
e2“fruit rot of eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
Bavistin with micronutrients reduced diseased fruit area by 57.93% at fruiting.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae1
- Organ / stage
- fruitinge0
- Treatment
- Bavistin 50 WP (0.1%) in combination with micronutrientse0
- Outcome
- fruit area diseasede0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 57.93e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduction of fruit area diseased caused by Bavistin 50 WP (0.1%) in combination with micronutrients were 57.93 and 79.79%, respectively at fruiting and fruit ripening stages”
e1“fruit rot of eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
Bavistin with micronutrients reduced diseased fruit area by 79.79% at ripening.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae1
- Organ / stage
- fruit ripeninge0
- Treatment
- Bavistin 50 WP (0.1%) in combination with micronutrientse0
- Outcome
- fruit area diseasede0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 79.79%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduction of fruit area diseased caused by Bavistin 50 WP (0.1%) in combination with micronutrients were 57.93 and 79.79%, respectively at fruiting and fruit ripening stages”
e1“fruit rot of eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
Bavistin alone reduced diseased fruit area by 56.93% at fruiting.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae2
- Treatment
- Bavistin 50WP (0.1%) alonee0
- Outcome
- fruit area diseasede1
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 56.93e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bavistin 50WP (0.1%) alone reduced by 56.93 and 76.14%, respectively at those stages.”
e1“reduction of fruit area diseased caused by Bavistin”
e2“fruit rot of eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
Bavistin alone reduced diseased fruit area by 76.14% at ripening.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae2
- Treatment
- Bavistin 50WP (0.1%) alonee0
- Outcome
- fruit area diseasede1
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 76.14%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bavistin 50WP (0.1%) alone reduced by 56.93 and 76.14%, respectively at those stages.”
e1“reduction of fruit area diseased caused by Bavistin”
e2“fruit rot of eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
Micronutrients had a small but significant disease effect relative to control.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae1
- Treatment
- Micronutrientse0
- Outcome
- diseasee0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Micronutrients had little effect against the disease but significantly better than control.”
e1“fruit rot of eggplant”
The same questions in other papers
carbendazim · Diaporthe vexans · Solanum melongena (eggplant)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
carbendazim · growth · Solanum melongena (eggplant)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
micronutrient · growth · Solanum melongena (eggplant)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.