Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa) plants carrying the Pi-i resistance gene to blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae restrict invaded fungus in infected tissue via hypersensitive reaction or response (HR), which is accompanied by rapid ethylene production and formation of small HR lesions. Ethylene biosynthesis has been implicated to be important for blast resistance; however, the individual roles of ethylene and cyanide, which are produced from the precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, remain unevaluated. In this study, we found that Pi-i-mediated resistance was compromised in transgenic rice lines, in which ethylene biosynthetic enzyme genes were silenced and then ethylene production was inhibited. The compromised resistance in transgenic lines was recovered by exogenously applying cyanide but not ethephon, an ethylene-releasing chemical in plant tissue. In a susceptible rice cultivar, treatment with cyanide or 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid induced the resistance to blast fungus in a dose-dependent manner, while ethephon did not have the effect. Cyanide inhibited the growth of blast fungus in vitro and in planta, and application of flavonoids, secondary metabolites that exist ubiquitously in the plant kingdom, enhanced the cyanide-induced inhibition of fungal growth. These results suggested that cyanide, whose production is triggered by HR in infected tissue, contributes to the resistance in rice plants via restriction of fungal growth.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing ethylene biosynthetic genes compromised Pi-i-mediated rice blast resistance.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Material
- transgenic rice linese0
- Treatment
- silencede0
- Interactor
- Blast Fungust0pathogen
- Gene
- ethylene biosynthetic enzyme genese0
- Outcome
- Pi-i-mediated resistancee0
- Direction
- compromisede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pi-i-mediated resistance was compromised in transgenic rice lines, in which ethylene biosynthetic enzyme genes were silenced and then ethylene production was inhibited”
t0“Rice to Blast Fungus”
Claim · model-written summary
Applied cyanide restored blast resistance in transgenic rice lines.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- transgenic linese0
- Treatment
- exogenously applying cyanidee0
- Interactor
- Blast Fungust0pathogen
- Outcome
- resistancee0
- Direction
- recoverede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The compromised resistance in transgenic lines was recovered by exogenously applying cyanide”
t0“Rice to Blast Fungus”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon did not restore blast resistance in the transgenic lines.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ethephone0
- Interactor
- Blast Fungust0pathogen
- Outcome
- resistancee0
- Direction
- note0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The compromised resistance in transgenic lines was recovered by exogenously applying cyanide but not ethephon”
t0“Rice to Blast Fungus”
Claim · model-written summary
Cyanide induced blast resistance in susceptible rice in a dose-dependent manner.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- susceptible rice cultivare0
- Treatment
- cyanidee0
- Interactor
- blast funguse0pathogen
- Outcome
- resistance to blast funguse0
- Direction
- inducede0
- Qualifier
- dose-dependent mannere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In a susceptible rice cultivar, treatment with cyanide or 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid induced the resistance to blast fungus in a dose-dependent manner”
Claim · model-written summary
1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid induced blast resistance in susceptible rice in a dose-dependent manner.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acide0
- Interactor
- blast funguse0pathogen
- Outcome
- resistance to blast funguse0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In a susceptible rice cultivar, treatment with cyanide or 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid induced the resistance to blast fungus in a dose-dependent manner”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon did not induce blast resistance in susceptible rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- ethephone0
- Interactor
- blast funguse1pathogen
- Outcome
- resistance to blast funguse1
- Direction
- did not have the effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while ethephon did not have the effect”
e1“In a susceptible rice cultivar, treatment with cyanide or 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid induced the resistance to blast fungus in a dose-dependent manner”
Claim · model-written summary
Cyanide inhibited blast fungus growth in vitro and in planta.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Cyanidee0
- Interactor
- blast funguse0pathogen
- Outcome
- growth of blast funguse0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Setting
- in vitro and in plantae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cyanide inhibited the growth of blast fungus in vitro and in planta”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Flavonoid application enhanced cyanide inhibition of fungal growth.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- application of flavonoidse0
- Interactor
- fungale0pathogen
- Outcome
- fungal growthe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- cyanide-induced inhibitione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of flavonoids, secondary metabolites that exist ubiquitously in the plant kingdom, enhanced the cyanide-induced inhibition of fungal growth”
t0“Rice”
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