Abstract
Trichoderma asperellum SKT-1 is a microbial pesticide that is very effective against various diseases. Our study was undertaken to evaluate T. asperellum SKT-1 for induction of resistance against yellow strain of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV-Y) in Arabidopsis plants. Disease severity was rated at 2 weeks post inoculation (WPI). CMV titre in Arabidopsis leaves was determined by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at 2 WPI. Our results demonstrated that among all Arabidopsis plants treated with barley grain inoculum (BGI) of SKT-1 NahG and npr1 plants showed no significant reduction in disease severity and CMV titre as compared with control plants. In contrast, disease severity and CMV titre were significantly reduced in all Arabidopsis plants treated with culture filtrate (CF) of SKT-1 as compared with control plants. RT-PCR results showed increased expression levels of SA-inducible genes, but not JA/ET-inducible genes, in leaves of BGI treated plants. Moreover, expression levels of SA- and JA/ET-inducible genes were increased in leaves of CF treated plants. In conclusion, BGI treatment induced systemic resistance against CMV through SA signaling cascade in Arabidopsis plants. While, treatment with CF of SKT-1 mediated the expression of a majority of the various pathogen related genes, which led to the increased defense mechanism against CMV infection.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
BGI of SKT-1 did not significantly reduce CMV disease severity in NahG and npr1 Arabidopsis relative to controls.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise0 - Material
- NahG and npr1 plantse0
- Treatment
- barley grain inoculum (BGI) of SKT-1e0
- Interactor
- CMV
cucumber mosaic cucumoviruse0pathogen - Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- no significant reductione0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“among all Arabidopsis plants treated with barley grain inoculum (BGI) of SKT-1 NahG and npr1 plants showed no significant reduction in disease severity and CMV titre as compared with control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
BGI of SKT-1 did not significantly reduce CMV titre in NahG and npr1 Arabidopsis relative to controls.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Material
- NahG and npr1 plantse0
- Treatment
- barley grain inoculum (BGI) of SKT-1e0
- Interactor
- CMVcucumber mosaic cucumoviruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- CMV titree0
- Direction
- no significant reductione0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“among all Arabidopsis plants treated with barley grain inoculum (BGI) of SKT-1 NahG and npr1 plants showed no significant reduction in disease severity and CMV titre as compared with control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
SKT-1 culture filtrate significantly reduced disease severity in Arabidopsis relative to controls.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- culture filtrate (CF) of SKT-1e0
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“disease severity and CMV titre were significantly reduced in all Arabidopsis plants treated with culture filtrate (CF) of SKT-1 as compared with control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
SKT-1 culture filtrate significantly reduced CMV titre in Arabidopsis relative to controls.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- culture filtrate (CF) of SKT-1e0
- Interactor
- CMVcucumber mosaic cucumoviruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- CMV titree0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“disease severity and CMV titre were significantly reduced in all Arabidopsis plants treated with culture filtrate (CF) of SKT-1 as compared with control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
BGI treatment increased SA-inducible gene expression in Arabidopsis leaves.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- BGIe0
- Outcome
- expression levels of SA-inducible genese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased expression levels of SA-inducible genes, but not JA/ET-inducible genes, in leaves of BGI treated plants”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
BGI treatment did not increase JA/ET-inducible gene expression in Arabidopsis leaves.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- BGIe0
- Outcome
- JA/ET-inducible genese0
- Direction
- note0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased expression levels of SA-inducible genes, but not JA/ET-inducible genes, in leaves of BGI treated plants”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
SKT-1 culture filtrate increased SA-inducible gene expression in Arabidopsis leaves.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- CFe0
- Outcome
- expression levels of SA-e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“expression levels of SA- and JA/ET-inducible genes were increased in leaves of CF treated plants”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
SKT-1 culture filtrate increased JA/ET-inducible gene expression in Arabidopsis leaves.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- CFe0
- Outcome
- JA/ET-inducible genese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“expression levels of SA- and JA/ET-inducible genes were increased in leaves of CF treated plants”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute BGI-induced systemic resistance to CMV to the SA signaling cascade in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- BGI treatmente0
- Interactor
- CMVcucumber mosaic cucumoviruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- systemic resistance against CMVe0
- Qualifier
- SA signaling cascadee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BGI treatment induced systemic resistance against CMV through SA signaling cascade in Arabidopsis plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute increased defense against CMV after SKT-1 culture filtrate treatment to expression of pathogen related genes.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- CF of SKT-1e0
- Interactor
- CMVcucumber mosaic cucumoviruse0pathogen
- Gene
- pathogen related genese0
- Outcome
- increased defense mechanism against CMV infectione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“treatment with CF of SKT-1 mediated the expression of a majority of the various pathogen related genes, which led to the increased defense mechanism against CMV infection”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.