Abstract
SUMMARY In a clay loam at Rothamsted, inoculated with lucerne stem nematode ( Ditylenchus dipsaci ) and a leaf nematode ( Aphelenchoides ritzema-bosi ), lucerne herbage yields were increased on average by 17 and 59% respectively, in the first and second years of a 4-year experiment (1988–91), by carbofuran granules applied around the seeds at sowing in spring 1988. In seven-row plots over the 4 years of the experiment, 1·65 kg a.i./ha increased total yield as much as did 3·3 kg a.i./ha (11 and 12%, respectively). In four-row plots over the same period, 1·9 kg a.i./ha increased total yield by 9%. The cultivars Euver and Vertus, which are partially resistant to D. dipsaci , yielded 44·3 and 48·5 t dry matter/ha, respectively, whereas Europe and Vela, which are susceptible to the nematode, yielded less (36·3 and 28·6 t/ha, respectively). When sown in summer 1990 in four-row plots, cultivars Europe and Euver yielded larger crops in 1991 in plots given 1·2 or 2·3 kg a.i. carbofuran/ha in 1990 (on average 34 and 48%, respectively) than in untreated plots. As little as 0·6 kg carbofuran/ha increased the yield of cv. Europe in infested soil. The stunting of lucerne plants, associated with D. dipsaci infestation, was greatly decreased by carbofuran, which prevented infestation of the first crop by D. dipsaci and A. ritzema-bosi . Stem nematode infestation of lucerne plots was adequately and quickly assessed by measuring the lengths of rows stunted by D. dipsaci . Other methods of assessment were laborious and no more reliable.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Carbofuran increased first-year lucerne herbage yield by 17%.
- Taxon
- lucerne (Medicago sativa)
Medicago sativat0 - Treatment
- carbofuran granulese0
- Outcome
- lucerne herbage yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 17e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of cultivar, carbofuran and row spacing on the incidence of stem and leaf nematodes (Ditylenchus dipsaci and Aphelenchoides ritzema-bosi) in lucerne (Medicago sativa) and on lucerne herbage yield”
e0“lucerne herbage yields were increased on average by 17 and 59% respectively, in the first and second years of a 4-year experiment (1988–91), by carbofuran granules applied around the seeds at sowing in spring 1988”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbofuran increased second-year lucerne herbage yield by 59%.
- Taxon
- lucerne (Medicago sativa)Medicago sativat0
- Treatment
- carbofuran granulese0
- Outcome
- lucerne herbage yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 59%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of cultivar, carbofuran and row spacing on the incidence of stem and leaf nematodes (Ditylenchus dipsaci and Aphelenchoides ritzema-bosi) in lucerne (Medicago sativa) and on lucerne herbage yield”
e0“lucerne herbage yields were increased on average by 17 and 59% respectively, in the first and second years of a 4-year experiment (1988–91), by carbofuran granules applied around the seeds at sowing in spring 1988”
Claim · model-written summary
In seven-row plots, 1·65 kg a.i./ha carbofuran increased total yield by 11%.
- Taxon
- lucerne (Medicago sativa)Medicago sativat0
- Treatment
- 1·65 kg a.i./hae0
- Outcome
- total yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 11e0
- Qualifier
- seven-row plotse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of cultivar, carbofuran and row spacing on the incidence of stem and leaf nematodes (Ditylenchus dipsaci and Aphelenchoides ritzema-bosi) in lucerne (Medicago sativa) and on lucerne herbage yield”
e0“In seven-row plots over the 4 years of the experiment, 1·65 kg a.i./ha increased total yield as much as did 3·3 kg a.i./ha (11 and 12%, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
In seven-row plots, 3·3 kg a.i./ha carbofuran increased total yield by 12%.
- Taxon
- lucerne (Medicago sativa)Medicago sativat0
- Treatment
- 3·3 kg a.i./hae0
- Outcome
- total yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 12%e0
- Qualifier
- seven-row plotse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of cultivar, carbofuran and row spacing on the incidence of stem and leaf nematodes (Ditylenchus dipsaci and Aphelenchoides ritzema-bosi) in lucerne (Medicago sativa) and on lucerne herbage yield”
e0“In seven-row plots over the 4 years of the experiment, 1·65 kg a.i./ha increased total yield as much as did 3·3 kg a.i./ha (11 and 12%, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
In four-row plots, 1·9 kg a.i./ha carbofuran increased total yield by 9%.
- Taxon
- lucerne (Medicago sativa)Medicago sativat0
- Treatment
- 1·9 kg a.i./hae0
- Outcome
- total yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 9%e0
- Qualifier
- four-row plotse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of cultivar, carbofuran and row spacing on the incidence of stem and leaf nematodes (Ditylenchus dipsaci and Aphelenchoides ritzema-bosi) in lucerne (Medicago sativa) and on lucerne herbage yield”
e0“In four-row plots over the same period, 1·9 kg a.i./ha increased total yield by 9%”
Claim · model-written summary
Partially resistant Euver yielded 44·3 t dry matter/ha.
- Taxon
- lucerne (Medicago sativa)Medicago sativat0
- Material
- Euvere0
- Interactor
- D. dipsaci
.jpg?width=60)
Ditylenchus dipsacie0pathogen - Outcome
- yieldede0
- Value
- 44·3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Effect of cultivar, carbofuran and row spacing on the incidence of stem and leaf nematodes (Ditylenchus dipsaci and Aphelenchoides ritzema-bosi) in lucerne (Medicago sativa) and on lucerne herbage yield”
e0“The cultivars Euver and Vertus, which are partially resistant to D. dipsaci , yielded 44·3 and 48·5 t dry matter/ha, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Partially resistant Vertus yielded 48·5 t dry matter/ha.
- Taxon
- lucerne (Medicago sativa)Medicago sativat0
- Material
- Vertuse0
- Interactor
- D. dipsaciDitylenchus dipsacie0pathogen
- Outcome
- yieldede0
- Value
- 48·5 t dry matter/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of cultivar, carbofuran and row spacing on the incidence of stem and leaf nematodes (Ditylenchus dipsaci and Aphelenchoides ritzema-bosi) in lucerne (Medicago sativa) and on lucerne herbage yield”
e0“The cultivars Euver and Vertus, which are partially resistant to D. dipsaci , yielded 44·3 and 48·5 t dry matter/ha, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Susceptible Europe yielded 36·3 t/ha, less than the partially resistant cultivars.
- Taxon
- lucerne (Medicago sativa)Medicago sativat0
- Material
- Europee0
- Outcome
- yieldede0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- 36·3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of cultivar, carbofuran and row spacing on the incidence of stem and leaf nematodes (Ditylenchus dipsaci and Aphelenchoides ritzema-bosi) in lucerne (Medicago sativa) and on lucerne herbage yield”
e0“whereas Europe and Vela, which are susceptible to the nematode, yielded less (36·3 and 28·6 t/ha, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Susceptible Vela yielded 28·6 t/ha, less than the partially resistant cultivars.
- Taxon
- lucerne (Medicago sativa)Medicago sativat0
- Material
- Velae0
- Outcome
- yieldede0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- 28·6 t/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of cultivar, carbofuran and row spacing on the incidence of stem and leaf nematodes (Ditylenchus dipsaci and Aphelenchoides ritzema-bosi) in lucerne (Medicago sativa) and on lucerne herbage yield”
e0“whereas Europe and Vela, which are susceptible to the nematode, yielded less (36·3 and 28·6 t/ha, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbofuran treatment increased Europe yield in 1991 by 34% relative to untreated plots.
- Taxon
- lucerne (Medicago sativa)Medicago sativat0
- Material
- Europee0
- Treatment
- 1·2 or 2·3 kg a.i. carbofuran/hae0
- Outcome
- cropse0
- Direction
- largere0
- Value
- 34e0
- Comparator
- untreated plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of cultivar, carbofuran and row spacing on the incidence of stem and leaf nematodes (Ditylenchus dipsaci and Aphelenchoides ritzema-bosi) in lucerne (Medicago sativa) and on lucerne herbage yield”
e0“cultivars Europe and Euver yielded larger crops in 1991 in plots given 1·2 or 2·3 kg a.i. carbofuran/ha in 1990 (on average 34 and 48%, respectively) than in untreated plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbofuran treatment increased Euver yield in 1991 by 48% relative to untreated plots.
- Taxon
- lucerne (Medicago sativa)Medicago sativat0
- Material
- Euvere0
- Treatment
- 1·2 or 2·3 kg a.i. carbofuran/hae0
- Outcome
- cropse0
- Direction
- largere0
- Value
- 48%e0
- Comparator
- untreated plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of cultivar, carbofuran and row spacing on the incidence of stem and leaf nematodes (Ditylenchus dipsaci and Aphelenchoides ritzema-bosi) in lucerne (Medicago sativa) and on lucerne herbage yield”
e0“cultivars Europe and Euver yielded larger crops in 1991 in plots given 1·2 or 2·3 kg a.i. carbofuran/ha in 1990 (on average 34 and 48%, respectively) than in untreated plots”
Claim · model-written summary
As little as 0·6 kg carbofuran/ha increased Europe yield in infested soil.
- Taxon
- lucerne (Medicago sativa)Medicago sativat0
- Material
- Europee0
- Treatment
- 0·6 kg carbofuran/hae0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of cultivar, carbofuran and row spacing on the incidence of stem and leaf nematodes (Ditylenchus dipsaci and Aphelenchoides ritzema-bosi) in lucerne (Medicago sativa) and on lucerne herbage yield”
e0“As little as 0·6 kg carbofuran/ha increased the yield of cv. Europe in infested soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbofuran greatly decreased stunting associated with D. dipsaci.
- Taxon
- lucerne (Medicago sativa)Medicago sativat0
- Treatment
- carbofurane0
- Interactor
- D. dipsaciDitylenchus dipsacie0pathogen
- Outcome
- stunting of lucerne plantse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of cultivar, carbofuran and row spacing on the incidence of stem and leaf nematodes (Ditylenchus dipsaci and Aphelenchoides ritzema-bosi) in lucerne (Medicago sativa) and on lucerne herbage yield”
e0“The stunting of lucerne plants, associated with D. dipsaci infestation, was greatly decreased by carbofuran”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbofuran prevented first-crop infestation by D. dipsaci.
- Taxon
- lucerne (Medicago sativa)Medicago sativat0
- Treatment
- carbofurane0
- Interactor
- D. dipsaciDitylenchus dipsacie0pathogen
- Outcome
- infestation of the first crop by D. dipsacie0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of cultivar, carbofuran and row spacing on the incidence of stem and leaf nematodes (Ditylenchus dipsaci and Aphelenchoides ritzema-bosi) in lucerne (Medicago sativa) and on lucerne herbage yield”
e0“carbofuran, which prevented infestation of the first crop by D. dipsaci and A. ritzema-bosi”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbofuran prevented first-crop infestation by A. ritzema-bosi.
- Taxon
- lucerne (Medicago sativa)Medicago sativat0
- Treatment
- carbofurane0
- Interactor
- A. ritzema-bosie0pathogen
- Outcome
- infestation of the first crope0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of cultivar, carbofuran and row spacing on the incidence of stem and leaf nematodes (Ditylenchus dipsaci and Aphelenchoides ritzema-bosi) in lucerne (Medicago sativa) and on lucerne herbage yield”
e0“carbofuran, which prevented infestation of the first crop by D. dipsaci and A. ritzema-bosi”
Claim · model-written summary
Lengths of rows stunted by D. dipsaci assessed stem nematode infestation adequately and quickly.
- Taxon
- lucerne (Medicago sativa)Medicago sativat0
- Interactor
- D. dipsaciDitylenchus dipsacie0pathogen
- Outcome
- Stem nematode infestation of lucerne plotse0
- Direction
- adequately and quicklye0
- Comparator
- Other methods of assessmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of cultivar, carbofuran and row spacing on the incidence of stem and leaf nematodes (Ditylenchus dipsaci and Aphelenchoides ritzema-bosi) in lucerne (Medicago sativa) and on lucerne herbage yield”
e0“Stem nematode infestation of lucerne plots was adequately and quickly assessed by measuring the lengths of rows stunted by D. dipsaci . Other methods of assessment were laborious and no more reliable”
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See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.