Abstract
Field experiments were conducted in 2002 and 2003 on a Black Chernozem (Udic Boroll) silty clay soil at Melfort, Saskatchewan, to determine the effects of seeding date on forage dry-matter yield (DMY) and quality [protein and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents] of four annual crops [barley (Hordium vulgare L.), oat (Avena sativa L.), triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack L.), and foxtail millet (Setaria italica L. Beauv; hereafter called Golden German millet)] with various maturities as well as different growing-season temperature and moisture requirements. Seeding date had a significant effect on forage DMY of all four crops in each 2002 and 2003. In 2002, the greatest forage DMY for barley, oat, triticale, and Golden German millet was achieved on 3 July, 22 June, 3 July, and 24 May, respectively. In 2003, the greatest forage DMY was from the 24 May seeding date for all four crops. In both 2002 and 2003, protein content in forage tended to decrease as DMY increased in all crops. In 2002, protein content in forage tended to be greater for the cereals with the early seeding dates and lowest days to harvest. The greatest protein content in forage for Golden German millet occurred at the latest seeding date but the fewest days to harvest. In 2003, the greatest protein content in forage occurred at the latest seeding date and fewest days to maturity for all four crops. In both 2002 and 2003, ADF content in forage responded inversely to protein content in forage. The ADF content in forage tended to increase as DMY of all crops increased and days to harvest increased. The seeding date for maximum DMY of cool-season crops was greatly influenced by the growing-season conditions in this study whereas the seeding date of the one warm-season crop was not. In conclusion, the findings suggest that date of seeding of annual forage crops would affect forage yield, and rainfall distribution throughout the growing season also plays a significant role in annual crop forage yields. As long as there is adequate precipitation later in the growing season, late seeding can also result in good forage yields.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Seeding date significantly affected forage dry-matter yield of all four crops in both years.
- Taxon
- barley
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Hordeum vulgaret0 - Treatment
- Seeding datee0
- Outcome
- forage DMYe0
- Qualifier
- all four crops in each 2002 and 2003e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Seeding date had a significant effect on forage DMY of all four crops in each 2002 and 2003.”
t0“barley (Hordium vulgare L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Barley had its greatest forage dry-matter yield with 3 July seeding in 2002.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- 3 Julye0
- Outcome
- forage DMYe0
- Direction
- greateste0
- Qualifier
- In 2002e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2002, the greatest forage DMY for barley, oat, triticale, and Golden German millet was achieved on 3 July, 22 June, 3 July, and 24 May, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Oat had its greatest forage dry-matter yield with 22 June seeding in 2002.
- Taxon
- oat
Avena sativae0 - Treatment
- 22 Junee0
- Outcome
- forage DMYe0
- Direction
- greateste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2002, the greatest forage DMY for barley, oat, triticale, and Golden German millet was achieved on 3 July, 22 June, 3 July, and 24 May, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Triticale had its greatest forage dry-matter yield with 3 July seeding in 2002.
- Taxon
- triticale
×Triticosecalee0 - Treatment
- 3 Julye0
- Outcome
- forage DMYe0
- Direction
- greateste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2002, the greatest forage DMY for barley, oat, triticale, and Golden German millet was achieved on 3 July, 22 June, 3 July, and 24 May, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Golden German millet had its greatest forage dry-matter yield with 24 May seeding in 2002.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“In 2002, the greatest forage DMY for barley, oat, triticale, and Golden German millet was achieved on 3 July, 22 June, 3 July, and 24 May, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
All four crops had their greatest forage dry-matter yield with 24 May seeding in 2003.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- 24 May seeding datee0
- Outcome
- forage DMYe0
- Direction
- greateste0
- Qualifier
- all four cropse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2003, the greatest forage DMY was from the 24 May seeding date for all four crops.”
t0“barley (Hordium vulgare L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Forage protein content tended to decrease as dry-matter yield increased across crops in both years.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- protein content in foragee0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- all cropse0
- Comparator
- DMYe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In both 2002 and 2003, protein content in forage tended to decrease as DMY increased in all crops.”
t0“barley (Hordium vulgare L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Early seeding dates and fewer days to harvest tended to give cereals greater forage protein content in 2002.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- early seeding datese0
- Outcome
- protein content in foragee0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- lowest days to harveste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2002, protein content in forage tended to be greater for the cereals with the early seeding dates and lowest days to harvest.”
t0“barley (Hordium vulgare L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Golden German millet had greatest forage protein content at the latest seeding date and fewest days to harvest.
Verbatim
e0“The greatest protein content in forage for Golden German millet occurred at the latest seeding date but the fewest days to harvest.”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2003, all four crops had greatest forage protein content at the latest seeding date and fewest days to maturity.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- latest seeding datee0
- Outcome
- protein content in foragee0
- Direction
- greateste0
- Qualifier
- fewest days to maturity for all four cropse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2003, the greatest protein content in forage occurred at the latest seeding date and fewest days to maturity for all four crops.”
t0“barley (Hordium vulgare L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Forage ADF content responded inversely to forage protein content in both years.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- ADF content in foragee0
- Comparator
- protein content in foragee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In both 2002 and 2003, ADF content in forage responded inversely to protein content in forage.”
t0“barley (Hordium vulgare L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Forage ADF content tended to rise as dry-matter yield and days to harvest increased.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- ADF content in foragee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- days to harvest increasede0
- Comparator
- DMYe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ADF content in forage tended to increase as DMY of all crops increased and days to harvest increased.”
t0“barley (Hordium vulgare L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Growing-season conditions greatly influenced the maximum-yield seeding date of cool-season crops.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- seeding date for maximum DMYe0
- Qualifier
- cool-season cropse0
- Setting
- growing-season conditionse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The seeding date for maximum DMY of cool-season crops was greatly influenced by the growing-season conditions in this study whereas the seeding date of the one warm-season crop was not.”
t0“barley (Hordium vulgare L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Growing-season conditions did not influence the maximum-yield seeding date of the warm-season crop.
- Taxon
- Golden German millett0
- Outcome
- seeding date for maximum DMYe0
- Qualifier
- one warm-season crope0
- Setting
- growing-season conditionse0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“The seeding date for maximum DMY of cool-season crops was greatly influenced by the growing-season conditions in this study whereas the seeding date of the one warm-season crop was not.”
t0“foxtail millet (Setaria italica L. Beauv; hereafter called Golden German millet)”
Claim · model-written summary
Rainfall distribution through the growing season plays a significant role in annual forage yields.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- annual crop forage yieldse0
- Setting
- rainfall distribution throughout the growing seasone0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rainfall distribution throughout the growing season also plays a significant role in annual crop forage yields.”
t0“barley (Hordium vulgare L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Late seeding can give good forage yields when precipitation later in the season is adequate.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- late seeding can also result in good forage yieldse0
- Qualifier
- adequate precipitation later in the growing seasone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As long as there is adequate precipitation later in the growing season, late seeding can also result in good forage yields.”
t0“barley (Hordium vulgare L.)”
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