Abstract
Parthenocarpic cucumbers were grown in polyethylene tunnels under commercial conditions and fertilized with N – P – K 7:3:7%. During two winter seasons when nitrate level in the fertilizer was low, the addition of potassium to the fertilizer significantly reduced the incidence of fruit grey mould caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers.:Fr. by 27 – 33%, whereas adding calcium generally reduced grey mould by 35 – 50%. The fungicide treatments, diethofencarb and carbendazim (at 0.25 g∙L − ) reduced grey mould by 39 and 50%, respectively. In the 2nd year stem infection with B. cinerea was decreased by 50, 50, or 60% by treatment with potassium, fungicide, or calcium, respectively. Only the calcium treatment was significantly different from the basic fertilizer control. Calcium treatments were effective on cucumber crops only under high relative humidity at two out of four sampling dates. The effect of calcium could not be separated from high nitrate level associated with its use in cucumber plantings. Potassium enrichment reduced natural incidence of downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis). Neither ion reduced incidence of powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca fuliginea) in cucumber crops. Disease reduction and increased yield of an eggplant crop were obtained by the addition of calcium to the fertilizer. Grey mould of pepper was reduced by 50 – 60% by adding calcium, but pepper yield was not increased. A single application of calcium sulphate alone or with calcium dihydrogen phosphate to glasshouse plants resulted in a reduction of grey mould in pepper and eggplant artificially inoculated with B. cinerea. Key words: Botrytis cinerea, Pseudoperonospora cubensis, Sphaerotheca fuliginea, calcium, nitrate, potassium.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Adding potassium to the fertilizer reduced fruit grey mould incidence caused by Botrytis cinerea in cucumbers by 27–33% when nitrate was low.
- Taxon
- cucumbers
Cucumis sativuse0 - Treatment
- addition of potassium to the fertilizere1
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinerea
Botrytis cinereae1pathogen - Outcome
- incidence of fruit grey moulde1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 27 – 33%e1
- Setting
- polyethylene tunnelse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Parthenocarpic cucumbers were grown in polyethylene tunnels under commercial conditions”
e1“the addition of potassium to the fertilizer significantly reduced the incidence of fruit grey mould caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers.:Fr. by 27 – 33%”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding calcium generally reduced grey mould in cucumbers by 35–50%.
- Taxon
- cucumbersCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- adding calciume1
- Outcome
- grey moulde1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 35 – 50%e1
- Setting
- polyethylene tunnelse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Parthenocarpic cucumbers were grown in polyethylene tunnels under commercial conditions”
e1“whereas adding calcium generally reduced grey mould by 35 – 50%”
Claim · model-written summary
The fungicide diethofencarb reduced grey mould in cucumbers by 39%.
- Taxon
- cucumbersCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- diethofencarbe1
- Outcome
- grey moulde1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 39e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Parthenocarpic cucumbers were grown in polyethylene tunnels under commercial conditions”
e1“The fungicide treatments, diethofencarb and carbendazim (at 0.25 g∙L − ) reduced grey mould by 39 and 50%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The fungicide carbendazim reduced grey mould in cucumbers by 50%.
- Taxon
- cucumbersCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- carbendazime1
- Outcome
- grey moulde1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 50%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Parthenocarpic cucumbers were grown in polyethylene tunnels under commercial conditions”
e1“The fungicide treatments, diethofencarb and carbendazim (at 0.25 g∙L − ) reduced grey mould by 39 and 50%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
In the second year potassium treatment decreased stem infection with B. cinerea by 50%.
- Taxon
- cucumbersCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- potassiume1
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae1pathogen
- Outcome
- stem infection with B. cinereae1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 50e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Parthenocarpic cucumbers were grown in polyethylene tunnels under commercial conditions”
e1“In the 2nd year stem infection with B. cinerea was decreased by 50, 50, or 60% by treatment with potassium, fungicide, or calcium, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
In the second year fungicide treatment decreased stem infection with B. cinerea by 50%.
- Taxon
- cucumbersCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- fungicidee1
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae1pathogen
- Outcome
- stem infection with B. cinereae1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 50e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Parthenocarpic cucumbers were grown in polyethylene tunnels under commercial conditions”
e1“In the 2nd year stem infection with B. cinerea was decreased by 50, 50, or 60% by treatment with potassium, fungicide, or calcium, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
In the second year calcium treatment decreased stem infection with B. cinerea by 60%.
- Taxon
- cucumbersCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- calciume1
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae1pathogen
- Outcome
- stem infection with B. cinereae1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 60%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Parthenocarpic cucumbers were grown in polyethylene tunnels under commercial conditions”
e1“In the 2nd year stem infection with B. cinerea was decreased by 50, 50, or 60% by treatment with potassium, fungicide, or calcium, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Only the calcium treatment was significantly different from the basic fertilizer control.
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e1“Only the calcium treatment was significantly different from the basic fertilizer control”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium treatments were effective on cucumber crops only under high relative humidity, at two out of four sampling dates.
- Taxon
- cucumber cropsCucumis sativuse1
- Treatment
- Calcium treatmentse1
- Outcome
- effectivee1
- Qualifier
- only under high relative humidity at two out of four sampling datese1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Calcium treatments were effective on cucumber crops only under high relative humidity at two out of four sampling dates”
Claim · model-written summary
The effect of calcium in cucumber could not be separated from the high nitrate level associated with its use.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Compound
- nitratee1
- Outcome
- effect of calciume1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The effect of calcium could not be separated from high nitrate level associated with its use in cucumber plantings”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium enrichment reduced natural incidence of downy mildew caused by Pseudoperonospora cubensis.
- Treatment
- Potassium enrichmente1
- Interactor
- Pseudoperonospora cubensis
Pseudoperonospora cubensise1pathogen - Outcome
- natural incidence of downy mildewe1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Potassium enrichment reduced natural incidence of downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis)”
Claim · model-written summary
Neither potassium nor calcium reduced incidence of powdery mildew in cucumber crops.
- Taxon
- cucumber cropsCucumis sativuse1
- Treatment
- Neither ione1
- Interactor
- Sphaerotheca fuliginea
Podosphaera fuligineae1pathogen - Outcome
- incidence of powdery mildewe1
- Direction
- Neither ion reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Neither ion reduced incidence of powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca fuliginea) in cucumber crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding calcium to the fertilizer reduced disease in an eggplant crop.
- Taxon
- eggplant
Solanum melongenae1 - Treatment
- addition of calcium to the fertilizere1
- Outcome
- Diseasee1
- Direction
- reductione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Disease reduction and increased yield of an eggplant crop were obtained by the addition of calcium to the fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding calcium to the fertilizer increased yield of an eggplant crop.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae1
- Treatment
- addition of calcium to the fertilizere1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Disease reduction and increased yield of an eggplant crop were obtained by the addition of calcium to the fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding calcium reduced grey mould of pepper by 50–60%.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“Grey mould of pepper was reduced by 50 – 60% by adding calcium”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding calcium did not increase pepper yield.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“Grey mould of pepper was reduced by 50 – 60% by adding calcium, but pepper yield was not increased”
Claim · model-written summary
A single application of calcium sulphate alone or with calcium dihydrogen phosphate reduced grey mould in artificially inoculated pepper in glasshouse.
- Taxon
- peppere1
- Treatment
- single application of calcium sulphate alone or with calcium dihydrogen phosphatee1
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae1pathogen
- Outcome
- grey moulde1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Setting
- glasshousee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A single application of calcium sulphate alone or with calcium dihydrogen phosphate to glasshouse plants resulted in a reduction of grey mould in pepper and eggplant artificially inoculated with B. cinerea”
Claim · model-written summary
A single application of calcium sulphate alone or with calcium dihydrogen phosphate reduced grey mould in artificially inoculated eggplant in glasshouse.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae1
- Treatment
- single application of calcium sulphate alone or with calcium dihydrogen phosphatee1
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae1pathogen
- Outcome
- grey moulde1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Setting
- glasshousee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A single application of calcium sulphate alone or with calcium dihydrogen phosphate to glasshouse plants resulted in a reduction of grey mould in pepper and eggplant artificially inoculated with B. cinerea”
The same questions in other papers
calcium atom · disease · Solanum melongena (eggplant)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
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See all 8 papers →calcium atom · yield · Solanum melongena (eggplant)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
fungicide · Botrytis cinerea · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
fertilization · disease · Solanum melongena (eggplant)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →fertilization · yield · Solanum melongena (eggplant)Positive and negative results
193 papers in the same direction as this paper · 23 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- negative
215 papers more in this group
See all 219 papers →fertilization · Botrytis cinerea · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.