Abstract
Bois noir (BN) is one of the main phytoplasma diseases of grapevine (Vitis vinifera). It is widespread, and can cause severe losses in European vineyards. The infective agent colonizes phloem elements and induces visible symptoms of leaf yellowing or reddening after a relatively long incubation period. As the most sensitive cultivars to BN, Chardonnay plants were grouped as healthy or symptomatic in spring, based on the records from the previous year. Leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence were measured weekly from July to September in healthy plants, and in symptomatic and asymptomatic leaves from symptomatic plants. The midday relative water content (mRWC) was measured once per month. The detection of phytoplasma DNA by nested-polymerase chain reaction revealed BN infection in symptomatic leaf samples at the end of September. A significant decrease in pigment content and maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) of these symptomatic leaves was detected from July to September, although in the asymptomatic leaves of the symptomatic plants the net photosynthesis (Pn) decrease was not significant. In the leaves from the healthy plants, Pn and transpiration were relatively stable. Of note, in July, an initially healthy plant showed a strong Pn reduction that was followed by visible leaf yellowing symptoms only in August. The phytoplasma infection also stimulated significant reductions in mRWC of the symptomatic leaves, with a final large decrease in yield.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Phytoplasma DNA was detected in symptomatic grapevine leaves at the end of September.
- Organ / stage
- symptomatic leaf samplese0
- Interactor
- phytoplasma
Candidatus Phytoplasmae0pathogen - Outcome
- BN infectione0
VitisOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The detection of phytoplasma DNA by nested-polymerase chain reaction revealed BN infection in symptomatic leaf samples at the end of September.”
t0“grapevine (Vitis vinifera)”
Claim · model-written summary
Symptomatic grapevine leaves had significantly decreased pigment content from July to September.
- Organ / stage
- symptomatic leavese0
- Interactor
- Bois noirt0pathogen
- Outcome
- pigment contente0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significant decrease in pigment content and maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) of these symptomatic leaves was detected from July to September”
t0“Bois noir on carbon assimilation, transpiration, stomatal conductance of leaves and yield of grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Symptomatic leaves had significantly decreased Fv/Fm from July to September.
- Organ / stage
- symptomatic leavese0
- Interactor
- Bois noirt0pathogen
- Outcome
- maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm)e0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significant decrease in pigment content and maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) of these symptomatic leaves was detected from July to September”
t0“Bois noir on carbon assimilation, transpiration, stomatal conductance of leaves and yield of grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Net photosynthesis decreased nonsignificantly in asymptomatic leaves of symptomatic plants.
- Organ / stage
- asymptomatic leavese0
- Interactor
- Bois noirt0pathogen
- Outcome
- net photosynthesis (Pn)e0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the asymptomatic leaves of the symptomatic plants the net photosynthesis (Pn) decrease was not significant”
t0“Bois noir on carbon assimilation, transpiration, stomatal conductance of leaves and yield of grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Healthy plants had relatively stable net photosynthesis and transpiration.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the leaves from the healthy plants, Pn and transpiration were relatively stable.”
t0“grapevine (Vitis vinifera)”
Claim · model-written summary
One initially healthy plant had a strong photosynthesis reduction in July before leaf yellowing in August.
- Outcome
- Pne0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Qualifier
- followed by visible leaf yellowing symptoms only in Auguste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in July, an initially healthy plant showed a strong Pn reduction that was followed by visible leaf yellowing symptoms only in August”
t0“grapevine (Vitis vinifera)”
Claim · model-written summary
Phytoplasma infection significantly reduced midday relative water content in symptomatic leaves.
- Organ / stage
- symptomatic leavese0
- Interactor
- phytoplasmaCandidatus Phytoplasmae0pathogen
- Outcome
- mRWCe0
- Direction
- reductionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The phytoplasma infection also stimulated significant reductions in mRWC of the symptomatic leaves, with a final large decrease in yield.”
t0“grapevine (Vitis vinifera)”
Claim · model-written summary
Phytoplasma infection was accompanied by a large final yield decrease.
- Interactor
- phytoplasmaCandidatus Phytoplasmae0pathogen
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The phytoplasma infection also stimulated significant reductions in mRWC of the symptomatic leaves, with a final large decrease in yield.”
t0“grapevine (Vitis vinifera)”