Abstract
Intensive cultivation and chemical fertilizer application resulting from traditional management practices insouthwestern Ontario, Canada, require high energy input and cause soil loss. Four field experiments were conducted overthree years in four mixed farms under notillage and minimum tillage corn (Zea mays L.) systems. The effects of fertilizersource and manure application timing, rate, and method on soil nutrient concentrations, corn grain yields, and groundwaternitrate concentrations were investigated. Three experiments included three basic treatments of fertilizer source: inorganic(chemical) fertilizer, liquid manure, and a combination of inorganic fertilizer and liquid manure. The other experimentincluded five treatments: preplant manure with and without incorporation by an aeration implement, sidedress manure withand without incorporation by a disc implement, and sidedress inorganic fertilizer. Soil samples (0300 or 0600 mm depth) for analysis of soil nitratenitrogen (NO3N), phosphorus (P), and potassium(K) concentrations were taken periodically each year, including soil residual NO3N concentrations measured in the fall afterharvest. Weed biomass and corn grain yields were also measured. In general, higher NO3N concentrations were observedin those plots where nitrogen sources had been applied shortly before soil sampling. Trends of residual NO3N concentrationsvaried among experiments, and results were inconclusive. Twofold higher P concentrations were observed in the manuredplots than in the inorganically fertilized plots as a result of higher P2O5 inputs from swine manure. Farmers who apply liquidmanure to their notillage cornfields should be prepared for the possibility of additional weed pressure, especially usingpreplant manure application or sidedressing manure without a starter fertilizer. A 6% increased or comparative corn grainyield was achieved using liquid manure as a fertilizer source when weeds were not a problem. Considering the reduced riskof P runoff and the increased yield potential, the combined treatments, including preplant manure with sidedress inorganicfertilizer and starter fertilizer with sidedress manure, are recommended.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Soil nitrate nitrogen was higher soon after nitrogen source application.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse1 - Treatment
- nitrogen sourcese0
- Outcome
- NO3N concentrationse0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher NO3N concentrations were observedin those plots where nitrogen sources had been applied shortly before soil sampling”
e1“corn (Zea mays L.) systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Residual nitrate nitrogen trends varied among experiments and were inconclusive.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Outcome
- residual NO3N concentrationse0
- Direction
- variede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trends of residual NO3N concentrationsvaried among experiments, and results were inconclusive.”
e1“corn (Zea mays L.) systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Manured plots had twofold higher soil P concentrations than inorganic fertilizer plots.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- manuredplotse0
- Outcome
- P concentrationse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- Twofolde0
- Comparator
- inorganically fertilized plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Twofold higher P concentrations were observed in the manuredplots than in the inorganically fertilized plots as a result of higher P2O5 inputs from swine manure.”
e1“corn (Zea mays L.) systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Preplant manure or sidedress manure without starter fertilizer could increase weed pressure in no-tillage corn.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Outcome
- possibility of additional weed pressuree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Farmers who apply liquidmanure to their notillage cornfields should be prepared for the possibility of additional weed pressure, especially usingpreplant manure application or sidedressing manure without a starter fertilizer.”
Claim · model-written summary
Liquid manure as fertilizer raised or maintained corn grain yield by 6% when weeds were not a problem.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- liquid manuree0
- Outcome
- corn grainyielde0
- Direction
- increased or comparativee0
- Value
- 6%e0
- Qualifier
- when weeds were not a probleme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A 6% increased or comparative corn grainyield was achieved using liquid manure as a fertilizer source when weeds were not a problem.”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend combined manure and inorganic fertilizer treatments for corn based on runoff risk and yield potential.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Outcome
- combined treatments, including preplant manure with sidedress inorganicfertilizer and starter fertilizer with sidedress manure, are recommendede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Considering the reduced riskof P runoff and the increased yield potential, the combined treatments, including preplant manure with sidedress inorganicfertilizer and starter fertilizer with sidedress manure, are recommended.”
e1“corn (Zea mays L.) systems”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · organism · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
136 papers in the same direction as this paper · 20 in the opposite direction · 5 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
158 papers more in this group
See all 162 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.