Abstract
SUMMARY Infestations of fruit tree red spider mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch) altered the growth of young plants of plum and apple. At first, damage to the leaves from mite feeding did not affect their photosynthetic rates. The effects on other processes depended on the density of the infestation. Densities of 1–2 mites/cm 2 of leaf decreased the rate of shoot extension of Brompton plum, but about 0.5 mite/cm 2 increased it. Less dense infestations apparently caused no damage. The rate of growth of the leaf area of a plant relative to that of the mite population on it determined changes in the mite density, and therefore the effects of infestation. The growth of the root system was decreased before that of the shoots. Later, when some leaves were severely damaged photosynthesis was decreased. The onset and severity of this phase probably depended on the number of mites and days of feeding on individual leaves. The later‐formed leaves were smaller, and sometimes fewer on infested plants. Some plants were infested with too low a density of mites to decrease shoot extension, but grew less in dry weight because of decreased photosynthesis later in the season. The initial effects are ascribed to an imbalance in the growth controlling substances caused by feeding. Radioactivity was detected in the growing regions of plants remote from mature leaves on which 14 C‐labelled mites were confined.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Spider mite infestation altered growth of young plum and apple plants.
- Taxon
- plum and apple
Malus domestica
Prunus domesticae0 - Interactor
- Panonychus ulmi
Panonychus ulmie0pest - Outcome
- altered the growthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Infestations of fruit tree red spider mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch) altered the growth of young plants of plum and apple.”
Claim · model-written summary
Early mite feeding damage did not affect leaf photosynthetic rates.
- Taxon
- fruit treest0
- Interactor
- Panonychus ulmiPanonychus ulmit0pest
- Outcome
- photosynthetic ratese0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At first, damage to the leaves from mite feeding did not affect their photosynthetic rates.”
t0“fruit trees infested with fruit tree red spider mite, Panonychus ulmi”
Claim · model-written summary
A density of 1–2 mites per square centimetre of leaf decreased Brompton plum shoot extension.
- Taxon
- plumPrunus domesticae0
- Material
- Bromptone0
- Interactor
- mitese0pest
- Outcome
- rate of shoot extensione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 1–2 mites/cm 2 of leafe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Densities of 1–2 mites/cm 2 of leaf decreased the rate of shoot extension of Brompton plum”
Claim · model-written summary
About 0.5 mite per square centimetre increased Brompton plum shoot extension.
- Taxon
- plumPrunus domesticat0
- Material
- Bromptont0
- Interactor
- mitee0pest
- Outcome
- increased ite0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 0.5 mite/cm 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but about 0.5 mite/cm 2 increased it.”
t0“Brompton plum”
Claim · model-written summary
Less dense mite infestations apparently caused no damage.
- Taxon
- fruit treest0
- Interactor
- Panonychus ulmiPanonychus ulmit0pest
- Outcome
- no damagee0
- Qualifier
- apparentlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Less dense infestations apparently caused no damage.”
t0“fruit trees infested with fruit tree red spider mite, Panonychus ulmi”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative growth rates of leaf area and mite populations determined mite density changes and infestation effects.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“The rate of growth of the leaf area of a plant relative to that of the mite population on it determined changes in the mite density, and therefore the effects of infestation.”
t0“fruit trees infested with fruit tree red spider mite, Panonychus ulmi”
Claim · model-written summary
Root system growth declined before shoot growth.
- Taxon
- fruit treest0
- Organ / stage
- root systeme0
- Interactor
- Panonychus ulmiPanonychus ulmit0pest
- Outcome
- growth of the root systeme0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth of the root system was decreased before that of the shoots.”
t0“fruit trees infested with fruit tree red spider mite, Panonychus ulmi”
Claim · model-written summary
Photosynthesis decreased later when some leaves were severely damaged.
- Taxon
- fruit treest0
- Interactor
- Panonychus ulmiPanonychus ulmit0pest
- Outcome
- photosynthesise0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- when some leaves were severely damagede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Later, when some leaves were severely damaged photosynthesis was decreased.”
t0“fruit trees infested with fruit tree red spider mite, Panonychus ulmi”
Claim · model-written summary
Later formed leaves were smaller on infested plants.
- Taxon
- fruit treest0
- Organ / stage
- later‐formed leavese0
- Interactor
- Panonychus ulmiPanonychus ulmit0pest
- Outcome
- leaves were smallere0
- Direction
- smallere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The later‐formed leaves were smaller, and sometimes fewer on infested plants.”
t0“fruit trees infested with fruit tree red spider mite, Panonychus ulmi”
Claim · model-written summary
Later formed leaves were sometimes fewer on infested plants.
- Taxon
- fruit treest0
- Organ / stage
- later‐formed leavese0
- Interactor
- Panonychus ulmiPanonychus ulmit0pest
- Outcome
- fewer on infested plantse0
- Direction
- fewere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The later‐formed leaves were smaller, and sometimes fewer on infested plants.”
t0“fruit trees infested with fruit tree red spider mite, Panonychus ulmi”
Claim · model-written summary
Some lightly infested plants had less dry weight because photosynthesis declined later in the season.
Verbatim
e0“Some plants were infested with too low a density of mites to decrease shoot extension, but grew less in dry weight because of decreased photosynthesis later in the season.”
t0“fruit trees infested with fruit tree red spider mite, Panonychus ulmi”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attributed initial mite effects to altered growth controlling substances caused by feeding.
- Taxon
- fruit treest0
- Interactor
- Panonychus ulmiPanonychus ulmit0pest
- Outcome
- initial effectse0
- Qualifier
- an imbalance in the growth controlling substances caused by feedinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The initial effects are ascribed to an imbalance in the growth controlling substances caused by feeding.”
t0“fruit trees infested with fruit tree red spider mite, Panonychus ulmi”
Claim · model-written summary
Radioactivity from labelled mites reached growing regions distant from the mature leaves where mites were confined.
Verbatim
e0“Radioactivity was detected in the growing regions of plants remote from mature leaves on which 14 C‐labelled mites were confined.”
t0“fruit trees infested with fruit tree red spider mite, Panonychus ulmi”