Abstract
Abstract Seeds per unit area is an important yield component in soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merrill]; however, the mechanisms regulating seed number are not well understood. Field and greenhouse experiments were conducted to investigate the relationship between photosynthesis during flowering and podset and seeds per square meter. Shade cloth (30 and 63% reduction in insolation) was used to reduce photosynthesis from emergence to Growth Stage R1 in the field ['Pennyrile' (indeterminate) and 'Ripley' (determinate)] or for varying periods during flowering and podset in the greenhouse ('McCall') and field (Pennyrile). Shade during vegetative growth reduced mass per square meter (21‐52%) at Growth Stage R1, but had no effect on crop growth rate (CGR) during flowering and podset (R1 to R5) or seeds per square meter if light interception after R1 was not reduced. Shade during flowering and podset reduced seeds per square meter in relation to the length of the shade treatment. In the field, shade from R1 to R4 and R4 to R6 had similar effects on seeds per square meter; these were less (31%) than the unshaded control for both treatments. These results suggest that maximum photosynthesis throughout flowering and podset may be required to maximize seeds per square meter. There were linear relationships between average CGR during R1 to R5 and seeds per square meter across experiments and treatments in both field and greenhouse. These relationships support previous results suggesting that seeds per square meter is determined primarily by canopy photosynthesis during flowering and podset.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Vegetative shading reduced soybean mass per area at R1 by 21–52%.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Organ / stage
- Growth Stage R1e0
- Treatment
- Shade during vegetative growthe0
- Outcome
- mass per square metere0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 21‐52%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shade during vegetative growth reduced mass per square meter (21‐52%) at Growth Stage R1”
t0“Soybean Seed Number and Crop Growth Rate during Flowering”
Claim · model-written summary
Vegetative shading did not affect soybean crop growth rate during flowering and podset when later light interception was maintained.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Shade during vegetative growthe0
- Outcome
- crop growth rate (CGR)e0
- Direction
- no effecte0
- Qualifier
- if light interception after R1 was not reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shade during vegetative growth reduced mass per square meter (21‐52%) at Growth Stage R1, but had no effect on crop growth rate (CGR) during flowering and podset (R1 to R5) or seeds per square meter if light interception after R1 was not reduced”
t0“Soybean Seed Number and Crop Growth Rate during Flowering”
Claim · model-written summary
Vegetative shading did not affect soybean seeds per area when later light interception was maintained.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Shade during vegetative growthe0
- Outcome
- seeds per square metere0
- Direction
- no effecte0
- Qualifier
- if light interception after R1 was not reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shade during vegetative growth reduced mass per square meter (21‐52%) at Growth Stage R1, but had no effect on crop growth rate (CGR) during flowering and podset (R1 to R5) or seeds per square meter if light interception after R1 was not reduced”
t0“Soybean Seed Number and Crop Growth Rate during Flowering”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading during flowering and podset reduced soybean seeds per area in relation to treatment duration.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Shade during flowering and podsete0
- Outcome
- seeds per square metere0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- in relation to the length of the shade treatmente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shade during flowering and podset reduced seeds per square meter in relation to the length of the shade treatment”
t0“Soybean Seed Number and Crop Growth Rate during Flowering”
Claim · model-written summary
Field shading from R1 to R4 reduced soybean seeds per area by 31% against unshaded plants.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- shade from R1 to R4e0
- Outcome
- seeds per square metere0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- 31%e0
- Comparator
- unshaded controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“shade from R1 to R4 and R4 to R6 had similar effects on seeds per square meter; these were less (31%) than the unshaded control for both treatments”
t0“Soybean Seed Number and Crop Growth Rate during Flowering”
Claim · model-written summary
Field shading from R4 to R6 reduced soybean seeds per area by 31% against unshaded plants.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- R4 to R6e0
- Outcome
- seeds per square metere0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- 31%e0
- Comparator
- unshaded controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“shade from R1 to R4 and R4 to R6 had similar effects on seeds per square meter; these were less (31%) than the unshaded control for both treatments”
t0“Soybean Seed Number and Crop Growth Rate during Flowering”
Claim · model-written summary
Average crop growth rate from R1 to R5 had a linear relation with soybean seeds per area across experiments and treatments.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- R1 to R5e0
- Outcome
- seeds per square metere0
- Qualifier
- linear relationshipse0
- Setting
- field and greenhousee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There were linear relationships between average CGR during R1 to R5 and seeds per square meter across experiments and treatments in both field and greenhouse”
t0“Soybean Seed Number and Crop Growth Rate during Flowering”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors suggest maximum photosynthesis through flowering and podset may be needed to maximize soybean seeds per area.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- maximum photosynthesis throughout flowering and podsete0
- Qualifier
- may be required to maximize seeds per square metere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum photosynthesis throughout flowering and podset may be required to maximize seeds per square meter”
t0“Soybean Seed Number and Crop Growth Rate during Flowering”
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