Abstract
In the winter of 2002, a severe disease indicating bacterial rot was observed on leaves of lettuce (Lactuca sativa cv. Tasna) grown in four commercial fields in the province of Mersin (Tarsus) located in the eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey. Disease incidence was estimated to approach 25–30%. Initial symptoms were small (1–2 mm in diameter), shiny, dark brown spots scattered on the blades, petioles and particularly along the veins of leaves underneath the second or third head leaves. Numerous lesions enlarged and coalesced, causing moist, greenish or yellowish to black areas, but no soft rot was observed on the infected plants in advanced stages of the disease. These symptoms were consistent with those of bacterial rot described by Hikichi et al. (1996). A fluorescent, Gram-negative bacterium was consistently isolated from diseased tissues onto King's medium B (King et al., 1954). Eight representative strains isolated were oxidase-, catalase-, levan- and pectolytic-positive, and arginine dihydrolase-negative. They all produced positive hypersensitive reactions on tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Samsun). Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis identified the strains as Pseudomonas cichorii with similarity indices ranging from 86 to 98% (Janse et al., 1992). Pathogenicity of the strains was confirmed on 5-week-old lettuce (cv. Tasna) and tomato (cv. H-2274) plants sprayed with bacterial suspensions containing 108 CFU mL−1 of sterile water. Inoculated and sterile water-sprayed control plants were maintained in the growth chamber for 8 days at 25°C and 70% RH. Lesions similar to those observed in the field developed on the inoculated plants within 5–7 days. No symptoms developed on control plants. The bacterium was reisolated from inoculated plants and identified as P. cichorii. This is the first report of the occurrence and outbreak of a bacterial rot disease caused by this bacterium on lettuce grown in Turkey. It is not proven, but is speculated that contaminated seeds and/or transplants may have been the source of introduction of the pathogen to this region.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Lettuce bacterial rot incidence approached 25–30% in Mersin commercial fields.
- Taxon
- lettuce
Lactuca sativae0 - Material
- Lactuca sativa cv. Tasnae0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas cichorii
.jpg?width=60)
Pseudomonas cichoriit0pathogen - Outcome
- Disease incidencee0
- Value
- 25–30%e0
- Setting
- Mersin (Tarsus)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“a severe disease indicating bacterial rot was observed on leaves of lettuce (Lactuca sativa cv. Tasna) grown in four commercial fields in the province of Mersin (Tarsus) located in the eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey. Disease incidence was estimated to approach 25–30%.”
t0“Pseudomonas cichorii”
Claim · model-written summary
Infected lettuce developed spots and coalescing lesions without soft rot.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Organ / stage
- blades, petiolese0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas cichoriiPseudomonas cichoriit0pathogen
- Outcome
- dark brown spotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Initial symptoms were small (1–2 mm in diameter), shiny, dark brown spots scattered on the blades, petioles and particularly along the veins of leaves underneath the second or third head leaves. Numerous lesions enlarged and coalesced, causing moist, greenish or yellowish to black areas, but no soft rot was observed on the infected plants in advanced stages of the disease.”
t0“lettuce caused by Pseudomonas cichorii”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial isolates from diseased lettuce were identified as Pseudomonas cichorii.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas cichoriiPseudomonas cichoriie0pathogen
- Outcome
- strains as Pseudomonas cichoriie0
- Value
- 86 to 98%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis identified the strains as Pseudomonas cichorii with similarity indices ranging from 86 to 98%”
t0“lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
The isolates produced hypersensitive reactions in tobacco.
- Taxon
- tobacco
Nicotiana tabacume0 - Material
- Nicotiana tabacum cv. Samsune0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas cichoriiPseudomonas cichoriit0pathogen
- Outcome
- positive hypersensitive reactionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“They all produced positive hypersensitive reactions on tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Samsun).”
t0“Pseudomonas cichorii”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas cichorii caused lesions on inoculated lettuce within 5–7 days; controls had no symptoms.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Material
- cv. Tasnae0
- Treatment
- sprayed with bacterial suspensionse0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas cichoriiPseudomonas cichoriit0pathogen
- Outcome
- Lesionse0
- Value
- 5–7 dayse0
- Comparator
- sterile water-sprayed control plantse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pathogenicity of the strains was confirmed on 5-week-old lettuce (cv. Tasna) and tomato (cv. H-2274) plants sprayed with bacterial suspensions containing 108 CFU mL−1 of sterile water. Inoculated and sterile water-sprayed control plants were maintained in the growth chamber for 8 days at 25°C and 70% RH. Lesions similar to those observed in the field developed on the inoculated plants within 5–7 days. No symptoms developed on control plants.”
t0“Pseudomonas cichorii”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas cichorii caused lesions on inoculated tomato.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Material
- cv. H-2274e0
- Treatment
- sprayed with bacterial suspensionse0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas cichoriiPseudomonas cichoriit0pathogen
- Outcome
- Lesionse0
- Comparator
- sterile water-sprayed control plantse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pathogenicity of the strains was confirmed on 5-week-old lettuce (cv. Tasna) and tomato (cv. H-2274) plants sprayed with bacterial suspensions containing 108 CFU mL−1 of sterile water. Inoculated and sterile water-sprayed control plants were maintained in the growth chamber for 8 days at 25°C and 70% RH. Lesions similar to those observed in the field developed on the inoculated plants within 5–7 days. No symptoms developed on control plants.”
t0“Pseudomonas cichorii”
Claim · model-written summary
This was reported as the first outbreak of Pseudomonas cichorii bacterial rot on lettuce in Turkey.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas cichoriiPseudomonas cichoriit0pathogen
- Outcome
- occurrence and outbreak of a bacterial rot diseasee0
- Setting
- Turkeye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This is the first report of the occurrence and outbreak of a bacterial rot disease caused by this bacterium on lettuce grown in Turkey.”
t0“Pseudomonas cichorii”
The same questions in other papers
application · Pseudomonas cichorii · Lactuca sativa (garden lettuce)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.