Abstract
SUMMARY Wild blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) are unique in that they are commercially grown in the State of Maine in the United States and in Quebec and the Atlantic Provinces of Canada. Approximately half the crop is grown in Maine and the remainder from Canada. The wild blueberry crop has increased by an average of 2.3 million kg each year over the last 20 years and now averages over 68.2 million kg per year. Since 1980, approximately 4050 new ha added in Maine, and over 6073 ha have been added in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia; PEI has also developed more than 1620 new ha. However, most of the gains in yield have come from improved management of the fields. Preemergence weed control with the herbicides terbacil and hexazinone in the 1980s provided a release from the weed competition, and immediately doubled yields on many fields. It also allowed for improved fertility management and the increased use of bees for pollination which resulted in even more production. Good disease and pest control using integrated pest management keeps crop losses from pests to a minimum. Recently, in Maine, there has been an investment in use of irrigation, with approximately 3,000 ha of in-ground irrigation and 850 ha of above-ground irrigation now in use. Recent research has shown a 43% increase in yield with irrigation. All of these factors have combined to produce a three fold increase in the wild blueberry crop over the past 20 years. Mechanical harvesting has increased but is only used on a small percentage of the Maine crop, whereas more than half of the Canadian crop is harvested mechanically. This contributes to the efficiency of production since it reduces the cost of the most expensive production practice.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Wild blueberry production rose by an average 2.3 million kg each year over 20 years.
Verbatim
e0“The wild blueberry crop has increased by an average of 2.3 million kg each year over the last 20 years”
e1“Wild blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Wild blueberry production now averages over 68.2 million kg annually.
Verbatim
e0“now averages over 68.2 million kg per year”
e1“Wild blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.)”
e2“The wild blueberry crop has increased by an average of 2.3 million kg each year over the last 20 years”
Claim · model-written summary
Maine added approximately 4050 ha of wild blueberry area since 1980.
Verbatim
e0“Since 1980, approximately 4050 new ha added in Maine”
e1“Wild blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.)”
Claim · model-written summary
New Brunswick and Nova Scotia added over 6073 ha of wild blueberry area since 1980.
Verbatim
e0“over 6073 ha have been added in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia”
e1“Wild blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.)”
Claim · model-written summary
PEI developed more than 1620 new ha of wild blueberry area.
Verbatim
e0“PEI has also developed more than 1620 new ha”
e1“Wild blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Improved field management accounted for most yield gains.
Verbatim
e0“most of the gains in yield have come from improved management of the fields”
e1“Wild blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Preemergence weed control with terbacil and hexazinone doubled yields on many fields.
- Taxon
- Wild blueberriese1
- Treatment
- Preemergence weed control with the herbicides terbacil and hexazinonee0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- doublede0
- Value
- doublede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Preemergence weed control with the herbicides terbacil and hexazinone in the 1980s provided a release from the weed competition, and immediately doubled yields on many fields”
e1“Wild blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed control enabled improved fertility management.
Verbatim
e0“It also allowed for improved fertility management”
e1“Preemergence weed control with the herbicides terbacil and hexazinone”
e2“Wild blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed control enabled more bee pollination, contributing to production.
- Taxon
- Wild blueberriese1
- Interactor
- beesAnthophilae0pollinator
- Outcome
- more productione0
- Qualifier
- increased use of bees for pollinatione0
Verbatim
e0“the increased use of bees for pollination which resulted in even more production”
e1“Wild blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated pest management keeps pest-related crop losses to a minimum.
Verbatim
e0“Good disease and pest control using integrated pest management keeps crop losses from pests to a minimum”
e1“Wild blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Maine used approximately 3,000 ha of in-ground irrigation.
Verbatim
e0“in Maine, there has been an investment in use of irrigation, with approximately 3,000 ha of in-ground irrigation”
e1“Wild blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Maine used 850 ha of above-ground irrigation.
Verbatim
e0“850 ha of above-ground irrigation now in use”
e1“Recently, in Maine, there has been an investment”
e2“Wild blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation increased wild blueberry yield by 43%.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Recent research has shown a 43% increase in yield with irrigation”
e1“Wild blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined management factors produced a threefold increase in wild blueberry production over 20 years.
Verbatim
e0“All of these factors have combined to produce a three fold increase in the wild blueberry crop over the past 20 years”
e1“Wild blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mechanical harvesting covers a small fraction of the Maine crop.
Verbatim
e0“Mechanical harvesting has increased but is only used on a small percentage of the Maine crop”
e1“Wild blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.)”
Claim · model-written summary
More than half the Canadian wild blueberry crop is mechanically harvested.
Verbatim
e0“more than half of the Canadian crop is harvested mechanically”
e1“Wild blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mechanical harvesting reduces the cost of the most expensive production practice.
Verbatim
e0“This contributes to the efficiency of production since it reduces the cost of the most expensive production practice”
e1“Mechanical harvesting has increased”
e2“Wild blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.)”
The same questions in other papers
Hexazinone · yield · VacciniumResults differ
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
Terbacil · yield · VacciniumResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
herbicide · yield · VacciniumPositive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
irrigation · yield · VacciniumResults agree
6 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.