Abstract
Okra (Abelmoscus esculentus (L.) Moench) is an important vegetable crop of India and other subropical and tropical countries. In 2000 and 2001, in the states of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu, okra was severely affected by a new disease. Since that time, the disease has spread to other states: Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Haryana, and Maharashtra. Chlorotic spots, chlorotic leaf blotches, distortion of leaves, chlorotic streaking, distortion of fruits, and severe yield losses as much as 63% characterize the disease. The causal virus induces local and systemic chlorotic and necrotic lesions on Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. cv. C-152 and Chenopodium amaranticolor Coste & Reyne., chlorotic local lesions and mosaic on Cucumis sativus L., necrotic local lesions on Gossypium hirsutum L. and black gram (Vigna mungo L.), and chlorotic local lesions and systemic necrosis on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Host reactions on these species are similar to those described for the ilarvirus Tobacco streak virus (TSV) (3). Electron microscopic observation of leafdip preparations from field samples and partially purified virus preparations revealed the presence of isometric virus particles measuring 25 to 30 nm in diameter. The virus was purified from mechanically inoculated okra by differential and sucrose density gradient centrifugation, and disease symptoms were reproduced in okra mechanically inoculated with the purified virus. In direct antigen coated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunosorbent electron microscopy tests, the purified virus and sap extracts reacted positively with polyclonal antibodies to TSV, the ilarvirus associated with sunflower necrosis and peanut stem necrosis diseases (1,2), but did not react positively to Turnip mosaic virus and Okra mosaic virus that are previously reported to infect okra. In reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), using oligonucleotide primers designed to amplify the entire coat protein region of TSV, an approximately 800-bp DNA fragment was obtained from purified virus and okra displaying fruit distortion mosaic disease (OFDM) but not from healthy okra. On the basis of host range, serological relationship, electron microscopy, and RTPCR amplification, the virus causing OFDM is an ilarvirus closely related to TSV. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of an ilarvirus in okra, and is the third and most recent report of an ilarvirus related to TSV causing disease in crops on the Indian subcontinent (1,2). References:(1). A. I. Bhat et al. Arch. Virol. 147:651, 2002. (2). A. S. Reddy et al. Plant Dis. 86:173, 2002. (3). S. W. Scott. Tobacco streak virus. No 381 in: Descriptions of Plant Viruses. CMI/AAB, Surrey, U.K., 2001.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit distortion mosaic disease of okra caused yield losses of as much as 63%.
- Taxon
- Okra
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Abelmoschus esculentust0 - Outcome
- yield lossese1
- Value
- as much as 63%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Disease of Okra”
e1“severe yield losses as much as 63% characterize the disease”
Claim · model-written summary
The disease causes chlorotic spots, chlorotic leaf blotches, leaf and fruit distortion and chlorotic streaking in okra.
- Taxon
- OkraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Outcome
- Chlorotic spots, chlorotic leaf blotches, distortion of leaves, chlorotic streaking, distortion of fruitse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Disease of Okra”
e2“Chlorotic spots, chlorotic leaf blotches, distortion of leaves, chlorotic streaking, distortion of fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2000 and 2001, okra was severely affected by a new disease in Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse3
- Outcome
- severely affectede3
- Setting
- Karnataka and Tamil Nadue3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Disease of Okra”
e3“In 2000 and 2001, in the states of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu, okra was severely affected by a new disease”
Claim · model-written summary
The disease has spread to Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Haryana and Maharashtra.
- Taxon
- OkraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Outcome
- spread to other statese4
- Setting
- Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Haryana, and Maharashtrae4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Disease of Okra”
e4“Since that time, the disease has spread to other states: Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Haryana, and Maharashtra”
Claim · model-written summary
The causal virus induces local and systemic chlorotic and necrotic lesions on Vigna unguiculata cv. C-152.
- Taxon
- Vigna unguiculata
Vigna unguiculatae0 - Material
- cv. C-152e0
- Interactor
- causal viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- local and systemic chlorotic and necrotic lesionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Disease of Okra”
e0“The causal virus induces local and systemic chlorotic and necrotic lesions on Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. cv. C-152 and Chenopodium amaranticolor Coste & Reyne”
Claim · model-written summary
The causal virus induces local and systemic chlorotic and necrotic lesions on Chenopodium amaranticolor.
- Taxon
- Chenopodium amaranticolor
Chenopodium amaranticolore0 - Interactor
- causal viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- local and systemic chlorotic and necrotic lesionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Disease of Okra”
e0“The causal virus induces local and systemic chlorotic and necrotic lesions on Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. cv. C-152 and Chenopodium amaranticolor Coste & Reyne”
Claim · model-written summary
The virus causes chlorotic local lesions and mosaic on Cucumis sativus.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativus
Cucumis sativuse0 - Outcome
- chlorotic local lesions and mosaice0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Disease of Okra”
e0“chlorotic local lesions and mosaic on Cucumis sativus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
The virus causes necrotic local lesions on Gossypium hirsutum.
- Taxon
- Gossypium hirsutum
Gossypium hirsutume0 - Outcome
- necrotic local lesionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Disease of Okra”
e0“necrotic local lesions on Gossypium hirsutum L. and black gram (Vigna mungo L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The virus causes necrotic local lesions on black gram (Vigna mungo).
- Taxon
- Vigna mungo
Vigna mungoe0 - Outcome
- necrotic local lesionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Disease of Okra”
e0“necrotic local lesions on Gossypium hirsutum L. and black gram (Vigna mungo L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The virus causes chlorotic local lesions and systemic necrosis on sunflower.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuus
Helianthus annuuse0 - Outcome
- chlorotic local lesions and systemic necrosise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Disease of Okra”
e0“chlorotic local lesions and systemic necrosis on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Disease symptoms were reproduced in okra mechanically inoculated with the purified virus.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- mechanically inoculated with the purified viruse0
- Outcome
- disease symptomse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Disease of Okra”
e0“disease symptoms were reproduced in okra mechanically inoculated with the purified virus”
Claim · model-written summary
The purified virus had isometric particles 25 to 30 nm in diameter.
- Taxon
- OkraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Outcome
- isometric virus particlese0
- Value
- 25 to 30 nme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Disease of Okra”
e0“isometric virus particles measuring 25 to 30 nm in diameter”
Claim · model-written summary
RT-PCR gave an approximately 800-bp DNA fragment from purified virus and diseased okra but not from healthy okra.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Outcome
- DNA fragmente0
- Value
- approximately 800-bpe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Disease of Okra”
e0“an approximately 800-bp DNA fragment was obtained from purified virus and okra displaying fruit distortion mosaic disease (OFDM) but not from healthy okra”
Claim · model-written summary
The purified virus and sap extracts reacted positively with polyclonal antibodies to TSV.
- Taxon
- OkraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Outcome
- reacted positively with polyclonal antibodies to TSVe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Disease of Okra”
e0“the purified virus and sap extracts reacted positively with polyclonal antibodies to TSV”
Claim · model-written summary
The virus did not react with antibodies to Turnip mosaic virus or Okra mosaic virus.
- Taxon
- OkraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Interactor
- Turnip mosaic virus
Turnip mosaic viruse0pathogen - Second interactor
- Okra mosaic virusOkra mosaic viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- did not react positivelye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Disease of Okra”
e0“but did not react positively to Turnip mosaic virus and Okra mosaic virus”
Claim · model-written summary
The virus causing fruit distortion mosaic disease of okra is an ilarvirus closely related to Tobacco streak virus.
- Taxon
- OkraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Outcome
- ilarvirus closely related to TSVe0
IlarvirusOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Disease of Okra”
e0“the virus causing OFDM is an ilarvirus closely related to TSV”
Claim · model-written summary
This is the first report of an ilarvirus occurring in okra.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Outcome
- the occurrence of an ilarvirus in okrae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Disease of Okra”
e0“this is the first report of the occurrence of an ilarvirus in okra”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · disease · Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
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See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.