Abstract
Summary An improved 9‐point scoring scale for the alkali reaction test for rice (Little, Hilder & Dawson, 1958) has been devised by studying the successive stages of degradation of rice kernels of individual varieties by increasing concentrations of alkali. Each variety was just attacked by a certain concentration of potassium hydroxide and was essentially fully degraded by a 0.7‐0.8% higher concentration of the alkali. Nine distinct stages could be distinguished in this degradation process based on the amount of residual chalky substance in the degraded kernel, the diameter of the collar, and the consistency of the collar. A concentration of 1.4% KOH was found to give the maximum spread of the scores among different varieties. The test could be conducted in ordinary Petri dishes and at room temperature for 18–24 hr. Different rice varieties exhibited three types of reaction. Reaction type A was characterized by progressive cracking and corrosion; type B by progressive grilling and cottony transformation; and type C by opening and splitting with gradual dense cottony transformation of the kernel when treated with successively higher concentrations of KOH. The implication of this reaction type on the quality characteristics of a variety is not known, but most indicas gave reaction of type A, and japonicas type C.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
A nine-point alkali reaction score was devised from successive rice kernel degradation stages.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Outcome
- 9‐point scoring scalee0
- Value
- 9‐pointe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An improved 9‐point scoring scale for the alkali reaction test for rice (Little, Hilder & Dawson, 1958) has been devised by studying the successive stages of degradation of rice kernels of individual varieties by increasing concentrations of alkali.”
Claim · model-written summary
Each rice variety was first attacked at a particular potassium hydroxide concentration.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- just attacked by a certain concentration of potassium hydroxidee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Each variety was just attacked by a certain concentration of potassium hydroxide”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Each variety was almost fully degraded at a potassium hydroxide concentration 0.7‐0.8% higher.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- fully degradede0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 0.7‐0.8%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“was essentially fully degraded by a 0.7‐0.8% higher concentration of the alkali”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Nine degradation stages were distinguished from residual chalky substance, collar diameter and consistency.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- distinct stagese0
- Value
- Ninee0
- Qualifier
- amount of residual chalky substance in the degraded kernel, the diameter of the collar, and the consistency of the collare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nine distinct stages could be distinguished in this degradation process based on the amount of residual chalky substance in the degraded kernel, the diameter of the collar, and the consistency of the collar.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
A 1.4% KOH concentration maximized score spread among rice varieties.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- spread of the scorese0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 1.4% KOHe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A concentration of 1.4% KOH was found to give the maximum spread of the scores among different varieties.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The test could be conducted in ordinary Petri dishes at room temperature for 18–24 hr.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- test could be conductede0
- Value
- 18–24 hre0
- Setting
- ordinary Petri dishese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The test could be conducted in ordinary Petri dishes and at room temperature for 18–24 hr.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice varieties exhibited three alkali reaction types.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- types of reactione0
- Value
- threee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Different rice varieties exhibited three types of reaction.”
Claim · model-written summary
Type A reaction showed progressive cracking and corrosion.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Reaction type Ae0
- Outcome
- progressive cracking and corrosione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reaction type A was characterized by progressive cracking and corrosion”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Type B reaction showed progressive grilling and cottony transformation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- type Be0
- Outcome
- progressive grilling and cottony transformatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“type B by progressive grilling and cottony transformation”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Type C reaction showed kernel opening, splitting and gradual dense cottony transformation at increasing KOH concentration.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- type Ce0
- Outcome
- opening and splitting with gradual dense cottony transformation of the kernele0
- Qualifier
- successively higher concentrations of KOHe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“type C by opening and splitting with gradual dense cottony transformation of the kernel when treated with successively higher concentrations of KOH”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Most indicas had type A reaction.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- indicase0
- Outcome
- reaction of type Ae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“most indicas gave reaction of type A”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Most japonicas had type C reaction.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- japonicase0
- Outcome
- type Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“japonicas type C”
t0“rice”