Abstract
Typical planting recommendations for dryland grain sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] in the southern High Plains are to delay until soil water is adequate for crop establishment, but no population or cultivar maturity class are specified. Our objectives were to use the SORKAM simulation model, long‐term (1958–1998) weather records at Bushland, TX, and known Pullman soil (fine, mixed, superactive, thermic Torrertic Paleustolls) properties to identify an optimum planting date, population, row spacing, and cultivar maturity combination to maximize dryland grain sorghum yield. We simulated sorghum grain yields for combinations of planting dates (15 May, 5 June, and 25 June), populations (3, 6, and 12 plants m −2 ), row spacings (0.38 and 0.76 m), and cultivar maturity class (early, medium, and late). SORKAM consistently ( r 2 = 0.69, RMSE = 792 kg ha −1 ) simulated grain yields that averaged about 5% more than measured values and correctly simulated row width and population effects on yield. Simulated grain yields increased with narrow row‐spacing ∼9%, independent of planting date or cultivar. Increasing plant population significantly decreased panicle seed number, seed mass, and plant tillers; however, the simulated grain yield was unchanged (3996–4106 kg ha −1 ) by plant populations. Mean simulated grain yields were greatest for the 5 June planting dates with early and medium maturity cultivars that avoided late summer heat or water deficit stresses and matured before freezing weather. Our results show early or medium maturity cultivars, planted 5 June, in 0.38‐m row widths, using 3 or 6 plants m −2 , achieve the greatest dryland grain yield on a southern High Plains clay loam soil.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
SORKAM simulated sorghum yield consistently with r 2 = 0.69 and RMSE = 792 kg ha −1.
SorghumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SORKAM consistently ( r 2 = 0.69, RMSE = 792 kg ha −1 ) simulated grain yields”
t0“Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
SORKAM simulated grain yields averaging about 5% above measured values.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“simulated grain yields that averaged about 5% more than measured values”
t0“Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
SORKAM correctly simulated row width and population effects on sorghum yield.
- Outcome
- row width and population effects on yielde0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“correctly simulated row width and population effects on yield”
t0“Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Narrow row spacing increased simulated sorghum grain yield by about 9%, independent of date or cultivar.
- Treatment
- narrow row‐spacinge0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- ∼9%e0
- Qualifier
- independent of planting date or cultivare0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Simulated grain yields increased with narrow row‐spacing ∼9%, independent of planting date or cultivar”
t0“Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing population significantly reduced sorghum panicle seed number.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing plant population significantly decreased panicle seed number, seed mass, and plant tillers”
t0“Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing population significantly reduced sorghum seed mass.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing plant population significantly decreased panicle seed number, seed mass, and plant tillers”
t0“Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing population significantly reduced sorghum plant tillers.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing plant population significantly decreased panicle seed number, seed mass, and plant tillers”
t0“Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Simulated sorghum grain yield stayed unchanged across populations, at 3996–4106 kg ha −1.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“simulated grain yield was unchanged (3996–4106 kg ha −1 ) by plant populations”
t0“Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean simulated yields were greatest for June 5 planting of early and medium maturity cultivars.
- Material
- early and medium maturity cultivarse0
- Treatment
- 5 June planting datese0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- greateste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mean simulated grain yields were greatest for the 5 June planting dates with early and medium maturity cultivars”
t0“Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend early or medium cultivars on June 5 in 0.38‐m rows at 3 or 6 plants m −2 for greatest dryland yield.
- Material
- early or medium maturity cultivarse0
- Treatment
- planted 5 June, in 0.38‐m row widths, using 3 or 6 plants m −2e0
- Outcome
- greatest dryland grain yielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“early or medium maturity cultivars, planted 5 June, in 0.38‐m row widths, using 3 or 6 plants m −2 , achieve the greatest dryland grain yield”
t0“Sorghum”
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