Abstract
Seven different 2-year rotations, consisting of barley/clover, canola, green bean, millet/rapeseed, soybean, sweet corn, and potato, all followed by potato, were assessed over 10 years (1997-2006) in a long-term cropping system trial for their effects on the development of soilborne potato diseases, tuber yield, and soil microbial communities. These same rotations were also assessed with and without the addition of a fall cover crop of no-tilled winter rye (except for barley/clover, for which underseeded ryegrass was substituted for clover) over a 4-year period. Canola and rapeseed rotations consistently reduced the severity of Rhizoctonia canker, black scurf, and common scab (18 to 38% reduction), and canola rotations resulted in higher tuber yields than continuous potato or barley/clover (6.8 to 8.2% higher). Addition of the winter rye cover crop further reduced black scurf and common scab (average 12.5 and 7.2% reduction, respectively) across all rotations. The combined effect of a canola or rapeseed rotation and winter rye cover crop reduced disease severity by 35 to 41% for black scurf and 20 to 33% for common scab relative to continuous potato with no cover crop. Verticillium wilt became a prominent disease problem only after four full rotation cycles, with high disease levels in all plots; however, incidence was lowest in barley rotations. Barley/clover and rapeseed rotations resulted in the highest soil bacterial populations and microbial activity, and all rotations had distinct effects on soil microbial community characteristics. Addition of a cover crop also resulted in increases in bacterial populations and microbial activity and had significant effects on soil microbial characteristics, in addition to slightly improving tuber yield (4% increase). Thus, in addition to positive effects in reducing erosion and improving soil quality, effective crop rotations in conjunction with planting cover crops can provide improved control of soilborne diseases. However, this study also demonstrated limitations with 2-year rotations in general, because all rotations resulted in increasing levels of common scab and Verticillium wilt over time.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Canola and rapeseed rotations reduced Rhizoctonia canker severity by 18 to 38%.
- Taxon
- Potato
Solanum tuberosumt0 - Treatment
- Canola and rapeseed rotationse0
- Outcome
- Rhizoctonia cankere0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 18 to 38% reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Canola and rapeseed rotations consistently reduced the severity of Rhizoctonia canker, black scurf, and common scab (18 to 38% reduction)”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Canola and rapeseed rotations reduced black scurf severity by 18 to 38%.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- Canola and rapeseed rotationse0
- Outcome
- black scurfe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 18 to 38% reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Canola and rapeseed rotations consistently reduced the severity of Rhizoctonia canker, black scurf, and common scab (18 to 38% reduction)”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Canola and rapeseed rotations reduced common scab severity by 18 to 38%.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- Canola and rapeseed rotationse0
- Outcome
- common scabe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 18 to 38% reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Canola and rapeseed rotations consistently reduced the severity of Rhizoctonia canker, black scurf, and common scab (18 to 38% reduction)”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Canola rotations increased tuber yields by 6.8 to 8.2% over continuous potato or barley/clover.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- canola rotationse0
- Outcome
- tuber yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 6.8 to 8.2% highere0
- Comparator
- continuous potato or barley/clovere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“canola rotations resulted in higher tuber yields than continuous potato or barley/clover (6.8 to 8.2% higher)”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Winter rye cover crops reduced black scurf by an average 12.5% across rotations.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- winter rye cover crope0
- Outcome
- black scurfe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 12.5e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of the winter rye cover crop further reduced black scurf and common scab (average 12.5 and 7.2% reduction, respectively) across all rotations”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Winter rye cover crops reduced common scab by an average 7.2% across rotations.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- winter rye cover crope0
- Outcome
- common scabe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 7.2% reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of the winter rye cover crop further reduced black scurf and common scab (average 12.5 and 7.2% reduction, respectively) across all rotations”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Canola or rapeseed rotation combined with winter rye reduced black scurf severity by 35 to 41% versus continuous potato without a cover crop.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- a canola or rapeseed rotation and winter rye cover crope0
- Outcome
- black scurfe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 35 to 41%e0
- Comparator
- continuous potato with no cover crope0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combined effect of a canola or rapeseed rotation and winter rye cover crop reduced disease severity by 35 to 41% for black scurf and 20 to 33% for common scab relative to continuous potato with no cover crop”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Canola or rapeseed rotation combined with winter rye reduced common scab severity by 20 to 33% versus continuous potato without a cover crop.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- a canola or rapeseed rotation and winter rye cover crope0
- Outcome
- common scabe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 20 to 33%e0
- Comparator
- continuous potato with no cover crope0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combined effect of a canola or rapeseed rotation and winter rye cover crop reduced disease severity by 35 to 41% for black scurf and 20 to 33% for common scab relative to continuous potato with no cover crop”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Verticillium wilt became prominent after four rotation cycles, with high levels in all plots.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- Verticillium wilte0
- Qualifier
- after four full rotation cyclese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Verticillium wilt became a prominent disease problem only after four full rotation cycles, with high disease levels in all plots”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Verticillium wilt incidence was lowest in barley rotations.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- barley rotationse0
- Outcome
- incidencee0
- Direction
- loweste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“incidence was lowest in barley rotations”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Barley/clover and rapeseed rotations had the highest soil bacterial populations and microbial activity.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- Barley/clover and rapeseed rotationse0
- Outcome
- soil bacterial populations and microbial activitye0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Barley/clover and rapeseed rotations resulted in the highest soil bacterial populations and microbial activity”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Rotations had distinct effects on soil microbial community characteristics.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- all rotationse0
- Outcome
- soil microbial community characteristicse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all rotations had distinct effects on soil microbial community characteristics”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Cover cropping increased bacterial populations and microbial activity.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- a cover crope0
- Outcome
- bacterial populations and microbial activitye0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of a cover crop also resulted in increases in bacterial populations and microbial activity”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Cover cropping significantly affected soil microbial characteristics.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- a cover crope0
- Outcome
- soil microbial characteristicse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of a cover crop also resulted in increases in bacterial populations and microbial activity and had significant effects on soil microbial characteristics”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Cover cropping increased tuber yield by 4%.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- cover crope1
- Outcome
- tuber yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 4% increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“slightly improving tuber yield (4% increase)”
t0“Potato”
e1“Addition of the winter rye cover crop further reduced black scurf and common scab (average 12.5 and 7.2% reduction, respectively) across all rotations”
Claim · model-written summary
Common scab increased over time under all two-year rotations.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- all rotationse0
- Outcome
- common scabe0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all rotations resulted in increasing levels of common scab and Verticillium wilt over time”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Verticillium wilt increased over time under all two-year rotations.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- all rotationse0
- Outcome
- Verticillium wilte0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all rotations resulted in increasing levels of common scab and Verticillium wilt over time”
t0“Potato”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.