Abstract
This study was conducted to explore the changes in soil microbial populations, enzyme activity, and tuber yield under the rotation sequences of Potato-Common vetch (P-C), Potato-Black medic (P-B) and Potato-Longdong alfalfa (P-L) in a semi-arid area of China. The study also determined the effects of continuous potato cropping (without legumes) on the above mentioned soil properties and yield. The number of bacteria increased significantly (p < 0.05) under P-B rotation by 78%, 85% and 83% in the 2, 4 and 7-year continuous cropping soils, respectively compared to P-C rotation. The highest fungi/bacteria ratio was found in P-C (0.218), followed by P-L (0.184) and then P-B (0.137) rotation over the different cropping years. In the continuous potato cropping soils, the greatest fungi/bacteria ratio was recorded in the 4-year (0.4067) and 7-year (0.4238) cropping soils and these were significantly higher than 1-year (0.3041), 2-year (0.2545) and 3-year (0.3030) cropping soils. Generally, actinomycetes numbers followed the trend P-L>P-C>P-B. The P-L rotation increased aerobic azotobacters in 2-year (by 26% and 18%) and 4-year (40% and 21%) continuous cropping soils compared to P-C and P-B rotation, respectively. Generally, the highest urease and alkaline phosphate activity, respectively, were observed in P-C (55.77 mg g-1) and (27.71 mg g-1), followed by P-B (50.72 mg mg-1) and (25.64 mg g-1) and then P-L (41.61 mg g-1) and (23.26 mg g-1) rotation. Soil urease, alkaline phosphatase and hydrogen peroxidase activities decreased with increasing years of continuous potato cropping. On average, the P-B rotation significantly increased (p <0.05) tuber yield by 19% and 18%, compared to P-C and P-L rotation respectively. P-L rotation also increased potato tuber yield compared to P-C, but the effect was lesser relative to P-B rotation. These results suggest that adopting potato-legume rotation system has the potential to improve soil biology environment, alleviate continuous cropping obstacle and increase potato tuber yield in semi-arid region.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Under P-B rotation, bacteria increased significantly by 78% relative to P-C rotation in 2-year continuous cropping soil.
- Taxon
- potato
Solanum tuberosumt0 - Treatment
- P-B rotatione1
- Outcome
- number of bacteriae1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 78%e1
- Qualifier
- 2, 4 and 7-year continuous cropping soilse1
- Comparator
- P-C rotatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The number of bacteria increased significantly (p < 0.05) under P-B rotation by 78%, 85% and 83% in the 2, 4 and 7-year continuous cropping soils, respectively compared to P-C rotation”
t0“continuous potato cropping”
Claim · model-written summary
Under P-B rotation, bacteria increased significantly by 85% relative to P-C rotation in 4-year continuous cropping soil.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- P-B rotatione1
- Outcome
- number of bacteriae1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 85%e1
- Qualifier
- 2, 4 and 7-year continuous cropping soilse1
- Comparator
- P-C rotatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The number of bacteria increased significantly (p < 0.05) under P-B rotation by 78%, 85% and 83% in the 2, 4 and 7-year continuous cropping soils, respectively compared to P-C rotation”
t0“continuous potato cropping”
Claim · model-written summary
Under P-B rotation, bacteria increased significantly by 83% relative to P-C rotation in 7-year continuous cropping soil.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- P-B rotatione1
- Outcome
- number of bacteriae1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 83%e1
- Qualifier
- 2, 4 and 7-year continuous cropping soilse1
- Comparator
- P-C rotatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The number of bacteria increased significantly (p < 0.05) under P-B rotation by 78%, 85% and 83% in the 2, 4 and 7-year continuous cropping soils, respectively compared to P-C rotation”
t0“continuous potato cropping”
Claim · model-written summary
The fungi/bacteria ratio was highest under P-C rotation (0.218), followed by P-L and P-B rotations.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- P-Ce1
- Outcome
- fungi/bacteria ratioe1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 0.218e1
- Comparator
- followed by P-L (0.184) and then P-B (0.137)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The highest fungi/bacteria ratio was found in P-C (0.218), followed by P-L (0.184) and then P-B (0.137) rotation over the different cropping years”
t0“continuous potato cropping”
Claim · model-written summary
In continuous potato cropping soil, the fungi/bacteria ratio in the 4-year soil (0.4067) was higher than in 1-, 2- and 3-year soils.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- continuous potato croppinge1
- Outcome
- fungi/bacteria ratioe1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 0.4067e1
- Qualifier
- 4-year (0.4067)e1
- Comparator
- 1-year (0.3041), 2-year (0.2545) and 3-year (0.3030)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In the continuous potato cropping soils, the greatest fungi/bacteria ratio was recorded in the 4-year (0.4067) and 7-year (0.4238) cropping soils and these were significantly higher than 1-year (0.3041), 2-year (0.2545) and 3-year (0.3030) cropping soils”
t0“continuous potato cropping”
Claim · model-written summary
In continuous potato cropping soil, the fungi/bacteria ratio in the 7-year soil (0.4238) was higher than in 1-, 2- and 3-year soils.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- continuous potato croppinge1
- Outcome
- fungi/bacteria ratioe1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 0.4238e1
- Qualifier
- 7-year (0.4238)e1
- Comparator
- 1-year (0.3041), 2-year (0.2545) and 3-year (0.3030)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In the continuous potato cropping soils, the greatest fungi/bacteria ratio was recorded in the 4-year (0.4067) and 7-year (0.4238) cropping soils and these were significantly higher than 1-year (0.3041), 2-year (0.2545) and 3-year (0.3030) cropping soils”
t0“continuous potato cropping”
Claim · model-written summary
Actinomycete numbers followed the trend P-L > P-C > P-B.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- actinomycetes numberse1
- Qualifier
- followed the trend P-L>P-C>P-Be1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“actinomycetes numbers followed the trend P-L>P-C>P-B”
t0“continuous potato cropping”
Claim · model-written summary
The P-L rotation increased aerobic azotobacters by 26% relative to P-C rotation in 2-year continuous cropping soil.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- P-L rotatione1
- Outcome
- aerobic azotobacterse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 26%e1
- Qualifier
- 2-year (by 26% and 18%)e1
- Comparator
- P-Ce1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The P-L rotation increased aerobic azotobacters in 2-year (by 26% and 18%) and 4-year (40% and 21%) continuous cropping soils compared to P-C and P-B rotation, respectively”
t0“continuous potato cropping”
Claim · model-written summary
The P-L rotation increased aerobic azotobacters by 18% relative to P-B rotation in 2-year continuous cropping soil.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- P-L rotatione1
- Outcome
- aerobic azotobacterse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 18%e1
- Qualifier
- 2-year (by 26% and 18%)e1
- Comparator
- P-Be1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The P-L rotation increased aerobic azotobacters in 2-year (by 26% and 18%) and 4-year (40% and 21%) continuous cropping soils compared to P-C and P-B rotation, respectively”
t0“continuous potato cropping”
Claim · model-written summary
The P-L rotation increased aerobic azotobacters by 40% relative to P-C rotation in 4-year continuous cropping soil.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- P-L rotatione1
- Outcome
- aerobic azotobacterse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 40%e1
- Qualifier
- 4-year (40% and 21%)e1
- Comparator
- P-Ce1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The P-L rotation increased aerobic azotobacters in 2-year (by 26% and 18%) and 4-year (40% and 21%) continuous cropping soils compared to P-C and P-B rotation, respectively”
t0“continuous potato cropping”
Claim · model-written summary
The P-L rotation increased aerobic azotobacters by 21% relative to P-B rotation in 4-year continuous cropping soil.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- P-L rotatione1
- Outcome
- aerobic azotobacterse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 21%e1
- Qualifier
- 4-year (40% and 21%)e1
- Comparator
- P-Be1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The P-L rotation increased aerobic azotobacters in 2-year (by 26% and 18%) and 4-year (40% and 21%) continuous cropping soils compared to P-C and P-B rotation, respectively”
t0“continuous potato cropping”
Claim · model-written summary
Under P-C rotation, soil urease activity was highest (55.77 mg g-1), above P-B and P-L rotations.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- P-Ce1
- Outcome
- ureasee1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 55.77 mg g-1e1
- Qualifier
- then P-L (41.61 mg g-1)e1
- Comparator
- P-Be1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Generally, the highest urease and alkaline phosphate activity, respectively, were observed in P-C (55.77 mg g-1) and (27.71 mg g-1), followed by P-B (50.72 mg mg-1) and (25.64 mg g-1) and then P-L (41.61 mg g-1) and (23.26 mg g-1) rotation”
t0“continuous potato cropping”
Claim · model-written summary
Under P-C rotation, soil alkaline phosphatase activity was highest (27.71 mg g-1), above P-B rotation.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- P-Ce1
- Outcome
- alkaline phosphate activitye1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 27.71 mg g-1e1
- Comparator
- P-Be1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Generally, the highest urease and alkaline phosphate activity, respectively, were observed in P-C (55.77 mg g-1) and (27.71 mg g-1), followed by P-B (50.72 mg mg-1) and (25.64 mg g-1) and then P-L (41.61 mg g-1) and (23.26 mg g-1) rotation”
t0“continuous potato cropping”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil urease, alkaline phosphatase and hydrogen peroxidase activities decreased with increasing years of continuous potato cropping.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- increasing years of continuous potato croppinge1
- Outcome
- urease, alkaline phosphatase and hydrogen peroxidase activitiese1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Soil urease, alkaline phosphatase and hydrogen peroxidase activities decreased with increasing years of continuous potato cropping”
t0“continuous potato cropping”
Claim · model-written summary
The P-B rotation increased tuber yield by 19% relative to P-C rotation.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- P-B rotatione1
- Outcome
- tuber yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 19%e1
- Comparator
- P-Ce1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“On average, the P-B rotation significantly increased (p <0.05) tuber yield by 19% and 18%, compared to P-C and P-L rotation respectively”
t0“continuous potato cropping”
Claim · model-written summary
The P-B rotation increased tuber yield by 18% relative to P-L rotation.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- P-B rotatione1
- Outcome
- tuber yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 18%e1
- Comparator
- P-Le1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“On average, the P-B rotation significantly increased (p <0.05) tuber yield by 19% and 18%, compared to P-C and P-L rotation respectively”
t0“continuous potato cropping”
Claim · model-written summary
The P-L rotation increased potato tuber yield relative to P-C rotation, but less than P-B rotation did.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- P-L rotatione1
- Outcome
- potato tuber yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- the effect was lesser relative to P-B rotatione1
- Comparator
- P-Ce1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“P-L rotation also increased potato tuber yield compared to P-C, but the effect was lesser relative to P-B rotation”
t0“continuous potato cropping”
Claim · model-written summary
Potato-legume rotation is recommended because it has the potential to improve the soil biology environment.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- improve soil biology environmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“These results suggest that adopting potato-legume rotation system has the potential to improve soil biology environment, alleviate continuous cropping obstacle and increase potato tuber yield in semi-arid region”
t0“continuous potato cropping”
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