Abstract
The effect of wheat, oat, and barley straw, composted with soil, on the development of disease on the basal parts of wheat seedlings was studied in a series of greenhouse experiments during three seasons. The pathogens used were Ophiobolus graminis Sacc., Helminthosporium sativum P. K. and B., and Fusarium culmorum (W. G. Sm.) Sacc. The wheat-straw composts were distinctly more favourable to the development of disease than the composts of either oat or barley straw. The least injury occurred on seedlings grown in composts of oat straw. It is suggested that the micro-organisms associated with the decomposition of oat straw bring about some degree of biological control of the plant pathogens also present.Although the amount of straw applied sometimes influenced severity of disease, the effects were not consistent from planting to planting. Apparently the actual carbon to nitrogen ratio had less effect upon disease development than did the chemical nature of the straw.The kind and amount of straw in the composts also influenced seedling vigour. This vigour was, in general, inversely proportional to the degree of infection.The introduction of a short fallow period between plantings decreased infection somewhat and increased vigour.The pathogenicity of the artificial inoculum added at the first planting was practically vitiated before the second planting. Subsequently, the infection ratings tended to increase and were about the same as those in the uninoculated series.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat straw compost favored wheat seedling disease more than oat or barley straw compost.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- wheat-straw compostse0
- Outcome
- development of diseasee0
- Direction
- more favourablee0
- Comparator
- composts of either oat or barley strawe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The wheat-straw composts were distinctly more favourable to the development of disease than the composts of either oat or barley straw”
t0“CEREAL”
e1“wheat seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Oat straw compost caused the least injury to wheat seedlings.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- composts of oat strawe0
- Outcome
- injurye0
- Direction
- leaste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The least injury occurred on seedlings grown in composts of oat straw”
t0“CEREAL”
e1“wheat seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest microbes decomposing oat straw biologically control pathogens.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- biological control of the plant pathogense0
- Qualifier
- micro-organisms associated with the decomposition of oat strawe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the micro-organisms associated with the decomposition of oat straw bring about some degree of biological control of the plant pathogens also present”
t0“CEREAL”
e1“wheat seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw amount sometimes influenced disease severity, inconsistently between plantings.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- amount of straw appliede0
- Outcome
- severity of diseasee0
- Qualifier
- not consistent from planting to plantinge0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the amount of straw applied sometimes influenced severity of disease, the effects were not consistent from planting to planting”
t0“CEREAL”
e1“wheat seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw chemistry appeared to matter more for disease development than carbon-to-nitrogen ratio.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- disease developmente0
- Qualifier
- chemical nature of the strawe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the actual carbon to nitrogen ratio had less effect upon disease development than did the chemical nature of the straw”
t0“CEREAL”
e1“wheat seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw kind and amount influenced wheat seedling vigor.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- kind and amount of straw in the compostse0
- Outcome
- seedling vigoure0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The kind and amount of straw in the composts also influenced seedling vigour”
t0“CEREAL”
e1“wheat seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedling vigor was generally inversely related to infection.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- vigoure0
- Direction
- inversely proportionale0
- Comparator
- degree of infectione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This vigour was, in general, inversely proportional to the degree of infection”
t0“CEREAL”
e1“wheat seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
A short fallow period decreased infection.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- short fallow period between plantingse0
- Outcome
- infectione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The introduction of a short fallow period between plantings decreased infection somewhat”
t0“CEREAL”
e1“wheat seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
A short fallow period increased seedling vigor.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- short fallow period between plantingse0
- Outcome
- vigoure0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The introduction of a short fallow period between plantings decreased infection somewhat and increased vigour”
t0“CEREAL”
e1“wheat seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Artificial inoculum pathogenicity was nearly lost before the second planting.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- pathogenicity of the artificial inoculume0
- Qualifier
- before the second plantinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The pathogenicity of the artificial inoculum added at the first planting was practically vitiated before the second planting”
t0“CEREAL”
e1“wheat seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Later infection ratings rose to approximately the uninoculated ratings.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- infection ratingse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- uninoculated seriese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the infection ratings tended to increase and were about the same as those in the uninoculated series”
t0“CEREAL”
e1“wheat seedlings”
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